【導(dǎo)讀】[句式分析]句中sincethen“從那時起”，介詞短語，與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。[嘗試仿寫]從那時起，我再也沒有見過她。媽媽布蘭蒂在家中教兩姐妹文化知識。這樣一來她們在繼續(xù)網(wǎng)球生涯的同時也完成了高。時間狀語從句的省略形式。[嘗試仿寫]他喜歡做生意，上大學(xué)期間就開辦了自己的公司。他總是嚴格要求他的女兒們，訓(xùn)練她們相互競爭。[嘗試仿寫]他進了大廳，東張西望。[句式分析]句中when引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞time。[嘗試仿寫]那是一段幸福的時光，我們工作學(xué)習(xí)在一起。

　　

【正文】 arted (start). (The concert is on now.) ③ I have alreadyseen (see) the film. (I know about the film now.) 2．表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還可能繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀 態(tài)。或表示曾經(jīng)有過一種經(jīng)歷，而且這種經(jīng)歷不可能被以后的行動所抹殺或否定。 Have you heard from your brother recently? 你最近收到你兄弟的來信了嗎？ I have been to the Great Wall. 我已經(jīng)去過長城了。 Jane really loves that film. She has seen it several times. 簡真的喜歡那部電影。她已經(jīng)看過好幾次了。 [關(guān)鍵一點 ] ① have been to 去過 (某地 )； have gone to 去了 (某地 )，現(xiàn)在不在原地。 ② 現(xiàn)在完成時的謂語動詞如果是非延續(xù)性動詞的肯定式，通常不能和 “ for＋一段時間 ” 連用。 2－ ① That old teacher has_been_retired (retire) for more than two years. ② He has_been (be) to Beijing twice. ③ Mary isn39。t at home and she has_gone (go) to Paris. 2－ ① He left his office three hours ago. → He has been away from his office for three hours. → It has been three hours since he left his office. ② He has been dead for four years. → He died four years ago. → It is four years since he died. 3．在以下句型中，當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或 the only 修飾時，定語從句要用完成時態(tài)，表示個人經(jīng)歷。 It is the most inspiring speech (that) I have ever had. 這是我所聽過的最鼓舞人的演講。 This is the eighth apple (that) you have eaten this evening. 這是你今晚吃的第八個蘋果了。 The only right thing you39。ve done is that you married me. 你做過的唯一正確的事情是嫁給了我。 3－ ① It is the first time (that) I have_stayed (stay) at home alone. ② This is the second time (that) I have_met (meet) him today. 3－ ① I have read many books and this is the most interesting. → This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. ② He has seen the film twice. → It is the second time (that) he has seen the film. 二、現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時表示的是過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或造成的結(jié)果，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用；而一般過去時表示的是過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀 態(tài)，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，所以和表示過去的時間狀語連用。 We have lived in Beijing since 1949. 1949 年以來我們一直住在北京。 (現(xiàn)在仍然住在北京 ) We lived in Beijing in 1949. 1949 年我們住在北京。 (現(xiàn)在是否住在北京不清楚 ) We have visited a power plant. 我們參觀了一個發(fā)電站。 (說明現(xiàn)在對發(fā)電站有所了解 ) We visited a power plant yesterday. 昨天我們參觀了一個發(fā)電站。 (只簡 述一個過去的事實 ) ① The book has been translated (translate) into thirty languages since it came (e) on the market in 1973. ② Up to now, the program has saved (save) thousands of children who would otherwise have died. ③ The Chinese have stood (stand) up, and the development of the Chinese nation has ushered in a new era. ④ We plan to reach the North Pole in Mid July, and by then we will have walked (walk) for six weeks. ⑤ By the time you arrive in New York, you will have been (be) away for two weeks. ⑥ I have been (be) here since I came (e) two years ago. 一、感悟高考 1． (2020湖南高考 )—I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? —Sorry, I ________ the piano for years. A． don39。t play B． wasn39。t playing C． haven39。t played D． hadn39。t played 解析： 考查時態(tài)。句意： “ 我記得在大學(xué)時，你是一位極有天賦的鋼琴手。你能為我彈奏鋼琴嗎？ ”“ 對不起，我已經(jīng)多年不彈鋼琴了。 ” 由句意可知，選現(xiàn)在完成時?，F(xiàn)在完成時表示一個過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在有影響或帶來的結(jié)果。 答案： C 2． (2020江西高考 )—Look! Somebody ________ the sofa. —Well, it wasn39。t me. I didn39。t do it. A． is cleaning B． was cleaning C． has cleaned D． had cleaned 解析： 考查時態(tài)。從后面的回答可以看出事情已經(jīng)完成了，前面一句是著重談對現(xiàn)在的影響，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。句意： “ 看，有人已經(jīng)清理了沙發(fā)。 ”“ 恩，不是我，我沒有做。 ” 答案： C 3． (2020浙江高考 )—Alvin, are you ing with us? —I39。d love to, but something unexpected ________. A． has e up B． was ing up C． had e up D． would e up 解析： 考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意： “ Alvin，你會跟我們來嗎？ ”“ 我想去，但出了點沒料到的事情。 ” 此處表示 “ 過去發(fā)生的情況對現(xiàn)在的影響 (我去不了了 )” ，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時。 答案： A 4． (2020重慶高考 )—Kevin, you look wrong? —Well, I ________ a test and I39。m waiting for the result. A． will take B． took C． had taken D． take 解析： 考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù) “I39。m waiting for the result”可知， Kevin 已經(jīng)參加過考試了，是過去發(fā)生的動作，應(yīng)用一般過去時。故選 B 項。 答案： B 5． (2020全國卷 Ⅱ )—Did you ask Sophia for help? —I ________ need to — I managed perfectly well on my own. A． wouldn39。t B． don39。t C． didn39。t D． won39。t 解析： 考查時態(tài)。句意： “ 你讓 Sophia 幫忙了嗎？ ”“ 我不需要 ——我自己完全能行。 ”結(jié)合問句的時態(tài)以及答語后半部分的時態(tài)可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時。故 C 項正確。 答案： C 6． (2020安徽高考 )—I didn39。t ask for the name list. Why ______on my desk? —I put it there just now in case you needed it. A． does it land B． has it landed C． will it land D． had it landed 解析： 考查時態(tài)。問話人質(zhì)疑的是名單為什么在自己的書桌上，此處強調(diào)的是過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時。 答案： B 7． (2020天津高考 )In the last few years thousands of films______ all over the world. A． have produced B． have been produced C． are producing D． are being produced 解析： 考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)前面的時間狀語 “In the last few years”可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，且 “films” 和 “produce” 是動賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)，選 B 項。 答案： B 二、沖關(guān)演練 1． So far this year we ________ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. A． saw B． see C． had seen D． have seen 解析： so far “ 到目前為止 ” ，為現(xiàn)在完成時的標志。 答案： D 2． —I have bought an English Chinese dictionary. —When and where ________ you ________ it? A． do。 buy B． did。 buy C． have。 bought D． had。 bought 解析： 本題考查一般過去時的用法。詢問過去的動作，用一般過去時。 答案： B 3． I love traveling abroad. So far, I________ most of European countries. A． visits B． visited C． have visited D． is visiting 解析： so far 相當(dāng)于 by now，是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。 答案： C 4． This is the sixth time that Mr. Clinton________to our town. A． ing B． has e C． came D． is ing 解析： 在 This is ... time that ...句型中， that 從句的謂語常用現(xiàn)在完成時。 答案： B 5． More money________ to treat pollution this year than last year. A． used B． has used C． was used D． has been used 解析： money 與 use 之間為被動關(guān)系，故排除 A、 B，由時間狀語 this year 可排除 C。 答案： D 6． You________me your trouble earlier, or I would have helped you out of trouble. A． haven39。t told B． don39。t tell C． won39。t tell D． didn39。t tell 解析： 由后一分句的謂語可知，是對過去的假設(shè)，而第一個分句陳述的是事實，故用一般過去時。 答案： D 7． Many students in that school________to the USA to study there last year. A． have been sent B． were sent C． had sent D． had been sent 解析： 由時間狀語 last year 可知，應(yīng)用一般過