【正文】 reach of my understanding. ? The Theory of Relativity worked out by Einstein is now above many people’s prehension. ? Such behavior is beneath contempt. 2022/8/27 ?這個(gè)問(wèn)題我 無(wú)法 理解。 ?愛(ài)因斯坦的提出的“相對(duì)論”， 現(xiàn)在還有不少人理解不了 。 ?這種行為 令人不齒 。 2022/8/27 ? （ 5） 連詞及某些短語(yǔ)引起的否定 。常見(jiàn)的有 before, but, would rather…than, rather than, too…to 等。 ? Never start to do the experiment before you have checked the meter. ? In a solidfuel rocket the reaction of fuel mixture is relatively slow and steady rather than explosive. 2022/8/27 含數(shù)字句子的翻譯 ? 科技英語(yǔ)中大量出現(xiàn)表示數(shù)量、倍數(shù)增減的詞語(yǔ)， 在 翻譯時(shí)要特別注意英漢兩種語(yǔ)言表達(dá)方式的異同。 英語(yǔ)中常用 flat, cool, sharp, exactly, whole, just 等修飾數(shù)字， 表示“正好， 恰好， 整整”等。英語(yǔ)中也常用 about, around, round, approximately, close to, nearly, towards 等修飾數(shù)字， 表“大約， 上下， 將近， 幾乎” 等。 2022/8/27 ? He finished the experiment in twentyfour hours flat. ? The physician treated cool 30 patients that day. ? The plane takes off at 7 o’clock sharp. ? The wire measures exact ten meters. ? The volume of the sun is bout/some/around/round 1,300,000 times that of the earth. ? The price of this new machine is in the neighborhood of a thousand dollars. ? 他完成這一實(shí)驗(yàn)正好用了 24小時(shí)。 ? 這位內(nèi)科醫(yī)生那天正好看了 30 個(gè)病人。 ? 這架飛機(jī) 7點(diǎn)整起飛。 ? 這條導(dǎo)線剛好 10米長(zhǎng)。 ? 太陽(yáng)的體積約為地球的 130萬(wàn)倍。 ? 這臺(tái)新機(jī)器的價(jià)格約為 1000美元。 ? 英語(yǔ)中常用 more than, odd, over, above, exceed, upwards of, higher than, in the excess of 修飾數(shù)字， 表示“超過(guò)， 以上， 有余， 高于， 多于”；也常用 under， below, less, less than, no more than, short of, within , as few as 修飾， 表‘不到， 少于， 以下’。 ? Pig iron is an alloy of iron and carbon with the carbon content more than two percent. ? Only when a rocket attains a speed of 18,000 odd miles per hour, can it put a manmade satellite in orbit. ? Over /above /more than /not less than 100 chemical elements are known to man。 of these about 80 are metals. ? Upwards of seven thousand medical workers have left for the earthquake district. ? The patients are children of three years old and upwards. ? It took three years less than one month for them to develop the new material. ? Helium in the air is a little under 1% ? 生鐵是鐵碳合金， 其中碳含量超過(guò) 2%。 ? 只有當(dāng)火箭速度達(dá)到每小時(shí) 18， 000 多英里時(shí)， 才能把人造衛(wèi)星送入軌道。 ? 人類已知的化學(xué)元素有 100 種以上， 其中有 80種是金屬。 ? 有 7000 多名醫(yī)務(wù)人員前往震區(qū)。 ? 這些病人是三歲和三歲以上的兒童。 ? 他們花了三年差一個(gè)月研制這種材料。 ? 空氣中氮的含量略低于 1%。 Numerals in multiples ? A is N times as + adj./adv as B ? A is N times + adj./adv 比較級(jí) + than B ? A is adj./adv 比較級(jí) + than B +by N times ? A is 比較級(jí) + than B+ by a factor of + N ? 上述四種句型， 雖然其結(jié)構(gòu)各不相同， 但所表達(dá)的概念完全一樣。 因此， 在譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)彼此之間不應(yīng)有所區(qū)別。 四種結(jié)構(gòu)均可譯成： A 的 …… 是 B 的 N 倍， 或A比 B….. N 1 倍。 ? A yard is three times as long as a foot. ? The oxygen atom is nearly 16 times heavier than the hydrogen atom. ? The oxygen atom is heavier than the hydrogen atom by nearly 16 times . ? The oxygen atom is heavier than the hydrogen atom by a factor of nearly 16 . ? As + ...+ again as ? Again as +…+ as ? 表“比 … 多一倍， 是 … 的兩倍”。 ? This wire is as long again as that one. = This wire is again as long as that one Increase of numerals倍數(shù)的增加 ? As ... again as / again as … as表“比 … 多一倍，是 … 的兩倍” ? Half as … again as, half again as … as 表“是 … 的一倍半， 比… 多（重、快 …）一半” ? This wire is as long again as that one. = This wire is again as long as that one ? Wheel A turns half as fast again as wheel B. = Wheel A turns half again as fast as wheel B. ? 這根金屬線的長(zhǎng)度是那根的 2倍（ =比那根長(zhǎng) 1倍）。 ? A輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)速度是 B輪的一倍半（ =比 B 輪快一半）。 ? Increase N times= increase to N times = increase by N times = increase N fold= increase by a factor of N ? 上述五中結(jié)構(gòu)， 形式不同， 但所表達(dá)的概念完全一致。 可譯成 “增加到 N 倍， 或增加了 N1 倍。 ” ? This year the total output value of the textile industry increased (to) four times pared with last year. ? The speed exceeds the average speed by a factor of 3. ? 今年紡織工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值同去年比， 增長(zhǎng)了 3倍。 ? 該速度超過(guò)平均速度 2倍。 ? 主語(yǔ) + double（ treble, quadruple) +… ? 可譯成增加一倍（翻一番）、增加兩倍（增加到三倍）、增加三倍（翻兩番）。 ? The world population is doubling every thirty –five years. ? The growth rate of GNP(gross national product)per capital for China will be quadrupled by the year 2022. ? 世界人口的數(shù)量每 35 年翻一番。 ? 到 2022 年， 中國(guó)人均國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)率將翻兩番。 Decrease of numerals 倍數(shù)的減少 ? Reduce by N times= reduce N times= reduce to N times=reduce by a factor of N, reduce N times as … as= N fold reduction= N times less than 譯為“減少了 N 分之 N – 1, 或減少到 N 分之一”。 The voltage has dropped five times. The principal advantage over the old fashioned typewriter is a fourfold reduction in weight. ? 電壓降低了五分之四。（電壓為原來(lái)的五分之一） ? 比起老式打字機(jī)， 主要的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是重量減輕了四分之三。 ? Half as much as = twice less than 上述兩種結(jié)構(gòu)相同， 均可譯成 “比 …少一半， 或比 … 少二分之一” This new engine may use half as much oil as the old one. The power output of the machine is twice less than its input. ? Half as much as 這種句型可以轉(zhuǎn)換成： half as long/high/deep/large/fast/thin as, 可譯成 “短 /低 /淺 /小 /慢一半、一半厚” ? The line AB is half as long as the line CD. ? If the moon were only half as far away from the earth as it is, the force of attraction would be 4 times as great. ? 線段 AB比線段 CD 短一半。 ? 如果月球離地球的距離比現(xiàn)在短一半， 則引力將為現(xiàn)在的四倍。 ? 分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)增減的譯法 ? 一般可直接譯為 ”增加 /減少幾分之幾， 增加 /減少百分之幾 ”。 ? From records taken over many months it was found that the personal efficiency of those wearing ear defenders had increased by 8%. ? New booster can increase the pay load by 120%. ? 從好幾個(gè)月所做的記錄發(fā)現(xiàn)， 戴有護(hù)耳器的人， 其個(gè)人工作效率提高了 8%。 ? 新型助推器能使有效負(fù)載增加 120%。 第八章 名詞從句的譯法 ? 主語(yǔ)從句的譯法 ? 按原文順序翻譯 ?由關(guān)聯(lián)詞 what, who, whenever, wherever, whatever, however 等和從屬連詞 that, whether 等引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句， 翻譯時(shí)一般按原文順序翻譯。 2022/8/27