英漢互譯第三章英漢語言對比-資料下載頁
2025-08-15 23:52本頁面
【正文】 cutting through a double grille of oak and iron bars, descending twentyfive feet by a knotted sheet and blanket, and climbing a twentytwofoot wall.（按照空間順序） ? 他砸開了手銬腳鐐，弄斷了雙層的橡木柵欄和鐵條，用系在一起的床單和毯子從 25英尺高處跳下，爬過了 22英尺的高墻，終于逃了出來。 英語因果敘述較靈活，表示原因的從句可在主句之前，也可在主語之后，而漢語常是“因”在前，“果”在后；表示條件假設(shè)的從句和表示因果從句差不多，而漢語常是“條件假設(shè)”在前，“結(jié)果”在后；英語表示目的行為，常是“行為”在前，“目的”在后，而漢語有時為了強(qiáng)調(diào)目的，常把目的放在行為之前；表示結(jié)果理由的從句，常是“理由”在前，“結(jié)果”在后，漢語也常是“理由”在前，“結(jié)果”在后。漢語一般是由大到小、或由整體到部分這樣排列；而英語一般是由小到大，由部分到整體排列。 C. 調(diào)整邏輯順序 例 1： The young cyclist dashed about madly and was knocked down by a truck. 【 譯文 】 那個騎車的青年橫沖直撞， 結(jié)果 被一輛卡車撞倒了。 【 解析 】 把英語并列句譯成了漢語因果句，雖然語言順序一致，但其結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了變化，前面的“橫沖直撞”是因，后邊的“被撞倒”是果。 返回章重點(diǎn) 退出 返回章重點(diǎn) 退出 38 ? He is the murderer of his wife and it to be executed for his crime.（動態(tài)） ? It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal.（動態(tài)） ? 他不愿意接受這昂貴的禮物。（靜態(tài)） ? 今年的十月一號是個星期五。 返回章重點(diǎn) 退出 39 ? The time is now near at hand which must probably determine whether Americans are to be freeman or slaves。 whether they are to have any property they can call their own。 whether their houses and farms are to be pillaged and destroyed, and themselves consigned to a state of wretchedness from which no human efforts will deliver them. 返回章重點(diǎn) 退出 40 He is the murderer of his wife and it to be executed for his crime. 他謀殺了自己的妻子并將會因這一罪行而被處決。 It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal. 要不是我能干重活，早就被辭退了。 返回章重點(diǎn) 退出 41 ? 他不愿意接受這昂貴的禮物 ? He was reluctant to accept the expensive gift. ? 今年的十月一號是個星期五 ? The National Day of this year is a Friday. ? The National Day of this year falls on a Friday. 返回章重點(diǎn) 退出 42 ? The time is now near at hand which must probably determine whether Americans are to be freeman or slaves。 whether they are to have any property they can call their own。 whether their houses and farms are to be pillaged and destroyed, and themselves consigned to a state of wretchedness from which no human efforts will deliver them. 返回章重點(diǎn) 退出 43 美國人能否成為自由人，還是淪為奴隸；能否享有稱之為自己所有的財(cái)產(chǎn)；能否使自己的住宅和農(nóng)莊免遭洗劫和毀壞；能否使自己免于陷入非人力所能拯救的悲慘境地 —— 決定這一切的時刻已經(jīng)迫在眉睫。
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