【正文】
on on achieving that idea. ? 32. A. deficiencies B. weaknessesC. insufficiencies D. limitations? 該題要求在空白處填入名詞,并且該名詞既可以與cash搭配又可以與location搭配,表示“在金錢和地方上都受到限制”或“既缺錢,又缺地方”。? weakness表示“弱點(diǎn)、缺點(diǎn)”,與原文意義不符,可以直接排除;? deficiencies意為“缺乏”,可與cash搭配,表示“缺錢”,但是不能與location搭配,故排除;? insufficiencies表示“不足、失敗”,可與cash搭配,但也不可以與location搭配,故也應(yīng)排除;? 而limitations表示“局限、限制”,可與cash、location搭配,為正確答案。? 除了語法性搭配,還包括:? 1) 固定的介詞詞組,如in accordance with, on the contrary 等。? 2)同一實(shí)詞與不同介詞搭配產(chǎn)生不同含義或強(qiáng)調(diào)不同重點(diǎn),需要從上下文尋找線索來判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)。如 on the condition 與under the condition,前者表示某動作的主觀前提、條件,后者則用于客觀的情況描述中,尤指物理、生態(tài)等環(huán)境條件。還有in search of 和in the search for 等。第四類:語篇分析題? 該題型要求考生掌握一些表示因果、并列、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、對比、解釋、次序、例證、總結(jié)的銜接手段,能夠從整體上把握文章的邏輯關(guān)系和銜接關(guān)系。? 考生做題時,一方面,要通過參照原句標(biāo)點(diǎn)以及其他連詞是否存在,來確定句子成分是否完整;另一方面,還要聯(lián)系原句與上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。值得注意的是,在歷年試題中,表示轉(zhuǎn)折和讓步關(guān)系的詞是頻率較高的出題點(diǎn)。? 例如2004年的第37題:? One answer would seem to be (36) ______ periods on each shift, a month, or even three months. (37) ______, recent research has shown that people on such systems will revert to go back to their (38) ______.? 36. A. shorter B. better C. longer D. nicer? 37. A. So B. In short C. Similarly D. However? 38. A. new B. normal C. temporary D. favorite? 上文提到“解決問題的一個辦法似乎是讓每一個輪班持續(xù)更長的時間,如一個月或甚至三個月”,而該句又指出“最新的研究表明,按這種制度工作的人在周末的時候還會回到其正常的睡眠和清醒習(xí)慣”,由此可以斷定該句與上文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系;而空格后的逗號進(jìn)一步表明此處應(yīng)該填入一個可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的副詞,因此however為正確答案。? 各選項(xiàng)同為表示一定邏輯關(guān)系或承接關(guān)系的詞或詞組。有時只是幾個詞之間的關(guān)系,? 如:A. in a word B. in the meantime C. in other words D. in that case? 但更多的是句與句之間所體現(xiàn)的寫作思路方向,? 如:A. however B. nevertheless C. so D. therefore ? 值得注意的是,某些帶感情色彩的語氣副詞或詞組也可歸為邏輯詞。常出現(xiàn)在完型填空的邏輯關(guān)系表示方式有連詞、副詞、語氣詞及插入語類、詞組(介詞詞組):? 1) 因果(注意因與果在句中的相對位置):? 連詞:for, since, as, because, for the reason that? 介詞:because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, as the result of , but for, in consequence of? 副詞:therefore, hence, for that reason? 其他:naturally, no doubt, no wonder, it’s no surprise …? 2) 并列、順承或遞進(jìn):? and ,what’s more ,moreover, fortunately, as expected? 3) 比較/對比:? similarly, likewise, while, whereas, on the contrary, in contrast with/to ,by contrast, otherwise? 4) 解釋:in other words, that is to say, that is , to be exact, to put it mildly? 5) 例證,列舉: for instance, take sth. for example, consider the case of sb., to mention just a few , such as? 6) 時間/先后順序:to begin with, to start with, at the very beginning, eventually, in the long run, at the end, at the same time, meanwhile ,simultaneously, first, secondly, …? 7) 總結(jié):to sum up, in brief, in short, in a word, in conclusion, all in all? 8) 轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步: however, nevertheless, nonetheless, but, yet, instead, surprisingly, unfortunately, though, although, despite ,anyway, though (adv.), in spite of? 總的說來,動詞最受命題者的歡迎。所以,我們在平時學(xué)習(xí)過程中要特別注意動詞的語法特征和常見搭配,而非只背詞的意思。另外,命題者也經(jīng)常在一道題中融合多種命題形式,考生因此要“因題施策”。還有一點(diǎn)值得注意,解題時不要只將四個選項(xiàng)比來比去,要拿回到原詞組、原句乃至原文的大背景中選擇,否則四個選項(xiàng)都讀熟了,反而喪失了語感。? 當(dāng)然,為獲取最佳的學(xué)習(xí)效果,應(yīng)盡早建立精讀、泛讀的好習(xí)慣,自覺培養(yǎng)多方面的興趣,熟悉不同體裁的寫作手法和思維方式。12