【正文】
ndustry informatization process, make the electronic merce the foreground processing, hospitals and enterprises Establish a good market environment, (first) remodeling business reputation in the market. (second) the perfect online payment means. (third) improve online transaction security. We will promote standardization of medicine management. The state food and drug administration (SFDA) from 2003 to implement the national drug standards improve action plan , the standard upgrade a twostep, first will be upgraded to the national standard, local standard is a level of reunification of the national standard. Plan 3 ~ 5 years of pharmaceutical standards to conduct a prehensive cleaning. The move means after GMP certification, with the standard as the theme of a new round of domestic pharmaceutical knockout petition kicked off. Enhance production standards, the pharmaceutical production enterprise is concerned, sure to increase the production cost and management cost. Brand enterprise, however, think that this is an increase market access threshold, rectify the market policy opportunities. Points out, head of a large stateowned enterprises in the traditional Chinese medicine, because medicine or proprietary Chinese medicine production standard is not strict, enterprises can casually formula, to distinguish it from other products. In this way, different party, tsinghua39。s name with the same phenomenon is very mon, is not conducive to enterprise and brand. Large pharmaceutical firms think that increasing production standards and implementation of the SFDA GMP certification, is by improving the pharmaceutical enterprise market access threshold, to make the low level of some pharmaceutical panies out. Besides GMP, GSP, the pharmaceutical industry in order to adapt to the development of medical emerce, improve the management and operation efficiency, must address the following questions about the standardization of business operation, such as should take medicine classification and coding, organization code, bar code and product safety certification system, perfect to sum up, China39。s pharmaceutical emerce development is slow, the main reasons why are as follows: (first) China39。s pharmaceutical emerce laws exist certain defects。 (second our country medicine industry informationization development level is low and uneven。 (third) in our country has not yet formed a national logistics system。 (fourth) in our country has not formed the habit of electronic payment. conclusion Through the pharmaceutical electronic merce in the United States and European countries to carry out the situation of research, can correct understanding of the deficiencies in China in the development of medical emerce, to draw lessons from foreign experience, make less detours in the future development process in our country, rapid, stable and healthy development. 國外醫(yī)藥電子商務的發(fā)展及對我國的啟示 摘要隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及,發(fā)展行業(yè)性的、縱深性的電子商務應用,將是未來我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的源泉。筆者簡要地描述了我國醫(yī)藥電子商務發(fā)展的情況,在分析了美國及歐洲各國電子商務的發(fā)展特點后,總結(jié)了發(fā)達國家醫(yī)藥電子商務的成功經(jīng)驗,從而得出對我國電子商務發(fā)展的啟示。[7] 內(nèi)容發(fā)揮政府的宏觀規(guī)劃與指導作用。電子商務是企業(yè)信息化實施的重要目標之一,它具有全局性、綜合性、整體性與復雜性等特點。它的發(fā)展必須發(fā)揮政府的宏觀規(guī)劃與指導作用。(1)要加強政府有關(guān)部門間的相互協(xié)調(diào),制定有利于電子商務發(fā)展的優(yōu)惠政策,引導電子商務的發(fā)展,推動電子商務的應用。(2)要重視企業(yè)在電子商務中的作用。企業(yè)是經(jīng)濟活動的基本組成單位,電子商務的深入發(fā)展必須要有企業(yè)積極主動地參與。要鼓勵企業(yè)發(fā)揮積極性,積極參與電子商務的應用,并加強行業(yè)自律。(3)要從規(guī)范工程入手,引導電子商務的開展。穩(wěn)妥地開展電子商務,抓好重點領(lǐng)域、行業(yè)、地區(qū)、企業(yè)的電子商務試點,通過電子商務示范工程。重點在法律法規(guī)、標準規(guī)范、支付認證、安全可靠性和信息基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施方面總結(jié)經(jīng)驗,逐步推廣。(4)健全法律法規(guī)體系。電子商務的發(fā)展是新技術(shù)革命的結(jié)果,生產(chǎn)力的迅速發(fā)展勢必引發(fā)生產(chǎn)關(guān)系的相應調(diào)整,這種調(diào)整的重要體現(xiàn)之一就是建立和完善法律法規(guī)。電子商務的發(fā)展需要一個良好的法制氛圍。因此,必須有一個健全的法律法規(guī)體系。健全法律法規(guī)體系體現(xiàn)在兩個方面,一是要完善原有的法律體系并進行必要的調(diào)整,二是為適應發(fā)展的需要制定新的法律法規(guī),這些法律法規(guī)涉及關(guān)稅、稅收、支付、版權(quán)、專利、網(wǎng)絡加密、消費者權(quán)益等方面。健全物流配送系統(tǒng)。缺乏良好的物流配送系統(tǒng),將導致電子商務的流通成本居高不下。這一點正是目前影響我國電子商務發(fā)展的重要障礙。由于缺乏大型流通企業(yè)為依托,許多電子商務公司只好各自與一些速遞公司簽約?;颡氉越M織配送隊伍,為客戶運送貨物。為此。國家有關(guān)部門應鼓勵組建大型流通企業(yè),推進電子商務與已有配送系統(tǒng)如郵政投遞網(wǎng)絡的結(jié)合,協(xié)調(diào)相關(guān)部門并配合優(yōu)惠政策,健全物流配送系統(tǒng)。推進企業(yè)和醫(yī)療機構(gòu)的信息化進程。開展電子商務的主體是企業(yè),企業(yè)信息化的程度必將影響電子商務的發(fā)展。目前我國15 000家國有大中型企業(yè)中。只有10%基本實現(xiàn)了信息化,而中小企業(yè)的這一比例更低。醫(yī)藥企業(yè)的信息化比例也大致如此。因此,必須采取措施,促進企業(yè)利用網(wǎng)絡參與競爭,開拓市場。同時,應努力推進醫(yī)院和醫(yī)藥零售業(yè)的信息化進程,使電子商務的前臺處理與企業(yè)、醫(yī)院建立良好的市場環(huán)境,(1)重塑市場的商業(yè)信譽。(2)完善網(wǎng)上支付手段。(3)提高網(wǎng)上交易安全性。推進醫(yī)藥行業(yè)標準化管理。國家食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局(SFDA)從2003年起實施“國家藥品標準提高行動計劃”,這個標準的升級分兩步走,先將地方標準升級為國家標準,國家標準再統(tǒng)一提高一個層次。計劃3~5年內(nèi)對藥品標準進行全面清理。此舉意味著繼GMP認證后,以“標準”為主題的新一輪國內(nèi)醫(yī)藥競爭淘汰賽拉開序幕。提高生產(chǎn)標準,對醫(yī)藥生產(chǎn)企業(yè)而言,肯定要提高生產(chǎn)成本和管理成本。然而品牌企業(yè)卻認為,這是個提高市場準入門檻,整頓市場的政策良機。某大型國有中藥企業(yè)負責人指出,以前由于中藥或中成藥的生產(chǎn)標準不嚴格,企業(yè)可以隨意增減配方,以區(qū)別于其他產(chǎn)品。這樣,造成同名異方、同方異名的現(xiàn)象非常普遍,不利于企業(yè)創(chuàng)品牌。大型醫(yī)藥企業(yè)認為,提高生產(chǎn)標準與SFDA實施GMP認證一樣,就是通過提高醫(yī)藥企業(yè)市場準入門檻,使一些水平較低的醫(yī)藥企業(yè)“出局”。除GMP、GSP以外,醫(yī)藥行業(yè)為了適應醫(yī)藥電子商務的發(fā)展,提高管理和運營效率,必須解決以下有關(guān)業(yè)務運作方式標準化的問題,如應做好醫(yī)藥分類與編碼、條形碼、組織機構(gòu)代碼、企業(yè)和產(chǎn)品安全認證系統(tǒng)等工作,健全綜上所述,我國醫(yī)藥電子商務發(fā)展之所以緩慢,原因主要如下:(1)我國醫(yī)藥電子商務法律規(guī)范存在一定缺陷;(2)我國醫(yī)藥產(chǎn)業(yè)信息化發(fā)展水平低且參差不齊;(3)我國尚未形成全國性的現(xiàn)代物流體系;(4)我國尚未形成電子支付的習慣。結(jié)論通過對美國及歐洲國家醫(yī)藥電子商務開展情況的研究,可以正確認識我國在發(fā)展醫(yī)藥電子商務中的不足之處,從而借鑒他國經(jīng)驗,使我國在今后的發(fā)展過程中少走彎路,快速、穩(wěn)定、健康地發(fā)展。21