【正文】 Construction Design and Management Regulations (CDM Regulations) which came in to force in the UK in April 2007, revised and brought together the existing CDM 1994 and the Construction Health Safety and Welfare (CHSW) Regulations 1996, into a single regulatory package. The new CDM regulations offer an opportunity for a step change in health and safety performance and are used to reemphasize the health, safety and broader business benefits of a wellmanaged and coordinated approach to the management of health and safety in construction. I believe that the development of these skills is imperative to provide the client with the most effective services available, delivering the best value project possible.Construction Management at Risk (CM at Risk), similar to established private sector methods of construction contracting, is gaining popularity in the public sector. It is a process that allows a client to select a construction manager (CM) based on qualifications。 make the CM a member of a collaborative project team。 centralize responsibility for construction under a single contract。 obtain a bonded guaranteed maximum price。 produce a more manageable, predictable project。 save time and money。 and reduce risk for the client, the architect and the CM. CM at Risk, a more professional approach to construction, is taking its place along with designbuild, bridging and the more traditional process of designbidbuild as an established method of project delivery.The AE can review the CM’s approach to the work, making helpful remendations. The CM is allowed to take bids or proposals from subcontractors during pletion of contract documents, prior to the guaranteed maximum price (GMP), which reduces the CM’s risk and provides useful input to design. The procedure is more methodical, manageable, predictable and less risky for all.The procurement of construction is also more businesslike. Each trade contractor has a fair shot at being the low bidder without fear of bid shopping. Each must deliver the best to get the projec. Competition in the munity is more equitable: all subcontractors have a fair shot at the work .A contingency within the GMP covers unexpected but justifiable costs, and a contingency above the GMP allows for client changes. As long as the subcontractors are within the GMP they are reimbursed to the CM, so the CM represents the client in negotiating inevitable changes with subcontractors.There can be similar problems where each party in a project is separately insured. For this reason a move towards project insurance is remended. The traditional approach reinforces adversarial attitudes, and even provides incentives for people to overlook or conceal risks in an attempt to avoid or transfer responsibility. A contingency within the GMP covers unexpected but justifiable costs, and a contingency above the GMP allows for client changes. As long as the subcontractors are within the GMP they are reimbursed to the CM, so the CM represents the client in negotiating inevitable changes with subcontractors.There can be similar problems where each party in a project is separately insured. For this reason a move towards project insurance is remended. The traditional approach reinforces adversarial attitudes, and even provides incentives for people to overlook or conceal risks in an attempt to avoid or transfer responsibility. It was reasonable to assume that between them the defects should have been detected earlier and rectified in good time before the partial roof failure. It did appear justified for the plaintiff to have brought a negligence claim against both the contractor and the architects.In many projects clients do not understand the importance of their role in facilitating cooperation and coordination。 the design is prepared without discussion between designers, manufacturers, suppliers and contractors. This means that the designer can not take advantage of suppliers’ or contractors’ knowledge of build ability or maintenance requirements and the impact these have on sustainability, the total cost of ownership or health and safety .This risk analysis was able to facilitate, through its multidimensional approach to a critical examination of a construction problem, the identification of an effective risk management strategy for future construction projects. This work also served to emphasize the point that clients are being more demanding, more discerning, and less willing to accept risk without repense. They do not want surprises, and are more likely to engage in litigation when things go wrong.(From: Project cost volume risk fiftyfirst international construction engineering analysis)42 / 43摘 要此次分析用實(shí)例研究方法分析津巴布韋標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)會(huì)總部（SAZ）的屋頂部分坍塌的問題。特別是，它審查了建設(shè)專業(yè)隊(duì)伍發(fā)揮的事先作用。分析顯示，津巴布韋標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)會(huì)總部的傳統(tǒng)建筑工程普遍具有高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的特點(diǎn)。一個(gè)明顯失敗的跡象，是由原告所聲稱的承包商和建筑師們?cè)陬A(yù)防和/或緩解可能發(fā)生的建設(shè)問題上是失敗的。推斷在部分屋頂坍塌之前兩者之間的缺陷應(yīng)該及早發(fā)現(xiàn)并及時(shí)糾正是合理。原告有理由對(duì)承包者和建筑師雙方帶來的疏忽索賠看來是合乎情理的。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析，通過多方位方法分析建設(shè)問題的決定性查問，使有效風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理策略對(duì)失敗建設(shè)問題的鑒定容易。越強(qiáng)調(diào)服務(wù)的重點(diǎn)，委托方的要求越來越高，挑剔越來越多，并不太愿意接受沒有賠償?shù)娘L(fēng)險(xiǎn)。委托方不想要驚喜，并且當(dāng)事情出現(xiàn)問題更可能去訴訟。關(guān)鍵詞：仲裁　索賠　建設(shè)　合同　訴訟　工程和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)加強(qiáng)的混凝土構(gòu)件的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)由KP咨詢工程師設(shè)計(jì)。工料測量服務(wù)由HLB提供。該合同授予非洲中心建筑公司（CABCO），該公司也負(fù)責(zé)提供采用專利的“四人幫釘”屋架屋頂結(jié)構(gòu)。建筑建設(shè)完工后，于1991年9月12日移交給業(yè)主。津巴布韋標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)會(huì)總部實(shí)際接受了對(duì)沒有占有證書的總部房屋的占有。另外，不合格責(zé)任期只有3個(gè)月。屋頂結(jié)構(gòu)在1999年12月局部坍塌前已經(jīng)用了10年。該房屋并不在保險(xiǎn)范圍內(nèi)，哈拉雷城市，一個(gè)政府自治區(qū), 10年之后下發(fā)了占有證書,并且是在部分屋頂坍塌之后。起初津巴布韋標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)會(huì)總部決定去仲裁, 但未能產(chǎn)生一個(gè)即時(shí)的解決辦法。津巴布韋標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)會(huì)總部然后決定在法庭上進(jìn)行對(duì)簿，并且因?yàn)榉侵拗行慕ㄖ镜氖韬鱿蚍侵拗行慕ㄖ舅髻r。準(zhǔn)備為仲裁再次訴訟。津巴布韋標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)會(huì)總部的量化損失大約為600萬津巴布韋幣（折合120萬美元）。所有當(dāng)事人都已檢查了這個(gè)事實(shí)，并且在他們證明之前，很明顯有一個(gè)很大的可能那就是法院也許裁定建筑師和施工方都有責(zé)任。正是在這個(gè)階段，被告的律師請(qǐng)求將這個(gè)問題達(dá)成庭外和解。原告同意了這項(xiàng)建議，并同意對(duì)和解的條款保密。此項(xiàng)重要分析的目的是圍繞住房標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分析津巴布韋協(xié)會(huì)總部房屋的部分屋頂坍塌問題。此項(xiàng)分析調(diào)查了工程管理的作用和建設(shè)專業(yè)人士在預(yù)防/緩解潛在的建設(shè)問題中發(fā)揮的重要作用。它進(jìn)一步對(duì)雇主/承包方和當(dāng)事人在建設(shè)合同下彌補(bǔ)損害賠償進(jìn)行了評(píng)估。這種重要的分析的主要目的是確定一種未來建設(shè)工程風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的有效策略。這項(xiàng)研究的重要性在于它多方面的審查方式。經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明，一個(gè)工程的參與者以自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ)也能夠很好的識(shí)別出風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。僅采用建立在過去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和判斷的基礎(chǔ)上的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理方法，可以很好地并合理地在穩(wěn)定的低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)環(huán)境中工作。在有變化的地方這是不可能有效的。這是因?yàn)樾枰淖円酝慕?jīng)驗(yàn)推斷，這可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生誤導(dǎo)。所有建設(shè)工程都在一定程度上暗示原型和改變。建筑行業(yè)本身的變化表明，過去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)是不可能自行足夠的。一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)化的方法是必需的。這種結(jié)構(gòu)不能，并且絕對(duì)不能取代參與者的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和專業(yè)知識(shí)。相反，它帶來額外的好處，幫助澄清了目標(biāo)，確定了不確定性的性質(zhì)，介紹了有效的溝通制度，提高了決策，介紹了有效的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制措施，保障了項(xiàng)目目標(biāo)和提供