【導(dǎo)讀】人會(huì)不會(huì)像同胞手足一樣接待他們呢?會(huì)不會(huì)疑慮重重,詳細(xì)詢問他們?cè)谲婇y。朱德想起自己的年齡,他已36歲,青春像一路鳴叫的鷹,早已一。閃而逝,留給他的是衰老和幻滅.周恩來的房門打開時(shí),他們看到的是一個(gè)身材瘦長(zhǎng),比普通人略高一點(diǎn)的人,肅而聰穎,朱德看他大概是二十五六歲的年齡.朱德顧不得拉過來的椅子,端端正正地站在這個(gè)比他年輕十歲的青年面前,他娓娓而談,周恩來就站在他面前,習(xí)慣地側(cè)著頭,一直聽到朱德把話說完,比爾作為中國(guó)政府的客人，好幾次都趕上在北京過生日。

　　

【正文】 Wyoming, and Montana. The cattle boom reached its height by 1885, then the range became too heavily pastured to support the long drive, and was beginning to be crisscrossed by railroads. Not far behind the rancher creaked the prairie schooner of the farmers bringing their families, their draft horses, cows, and pigs. Under the Homestead Act they staked their claims and fenced them with barbed wire. Ranchmen were ousted from lands they had roamed without legal title. Soon the romantic ―wild west‖ had ceased to be. 在 1866 年和 1888 年 間， 約有 6000,000 頭牛從得州放牧到 科羅拉多、懷俄明、和蒙大拿的高原上過冬。 養(yǎng)牛的興旺 發(fā)達(dá)，到 1885 已經(jīng)達(dá)到最高值 ， 由于放牧規(guī)模過大，草原就無法滿足這么多長(zhǎng)征牛群吃草的需要了，而且這些草原，也開本資料首發(fā)自 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)說明出處。 11 始被縱橫交錯(cuò)的鐵路線所割裂。在牧牛人身后不遠(yuǎn)之外，有許多草原篷車在支支作響 ，農(nóng)民把他們的妻兒，還有拉車的馬、奶牛和豬群也的帶來了。 根據(jù) 《宅地法》 ，他們?nèi)Χ怂玫耐恋兀⒂描F蒺藜圍起來。原來未經(jīng)合法手續(xù)取得土地的牧牛人都被趕了出去。不久，這片具有浪漫氣氛的“西部荒原”，便不復(fù)存在了。 Exercise 5 將下列短文譯成漢語： Machines and Science Help Farmers 機(jī)械與科學(xué)對(duì)農(nóng)民的幫助 Despite the great gains in industry, agriculture remained the nation‘s basic occupation. The revolution in agriculture—paralleling that in manufacturing after the war involved a shift from hand labor to farming, and from subsistence to mercial agriculture. Between 1860 and 1910, the number of farms in the United States trebled, increasing from 2 million to 6 million while the area farmed more than doubled from 160 million to 352 million hectares. 盡管 美國(guó)在 工業(yè) 方面贏利很大 ， 但農(nóng)業(yè)一直是美國(guó)的基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)。農(nóng)業(yè)的變革與戰(zhàn)后的制造業(yè) 的革命并駕齊驅(qū) —使手工業(yè)變?yōu)闄C(jī)械耕作 ， 從維持生計(jì)的農(nóng)業(yè)變?yōu)樯虡I(yè)化的 農(nóng)業(yè)。 從 1860 年 到 1910 年 ，美國(guó) 的農(nóng)場(chǎng)數(shù)量增加了三倍，即 從2020000 個(gè) 增加到 6000000 個(gè) ， 而 農(nóng)業(yè)耕地面積從 160000000 增加到 352020000公頃，比原來增加了一倍多 。 Between 1860 and 1890, the production of such basic modities as wheat, corn, and cotton outstripped all previous figures in the United States. In the same period, the nation‘s population more than doubled, with the largest growth in the cities. But the American farmer grew enough grain and cotton, raised enough beef and pork, and clipped enough wool not only to supply American workers and their families but also to create everincreasing surpluses. 從 1860 年到 1890 年 ， 美國(guó)的 小麥、玉米和棉花 等基本農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量都超過以前 的數(shù)字。 在 同一時(shí)期，國(guó)家人口 增加 一倍 多 ， 尤其是 城市人口 增長(zhǎng)達(dá)到最高峰。但是美國(guó)農(nóng)民種出足夠的谷物和棉花，養(yǎng)殖足夠的牛和豬 ， 生產(chǎn) 足夠的 羊 毛，不僅滿足美國(guó)工人及他們家人的需要， 而且 還 要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造 持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)的 剩余產(chǎn)品 。 Several factors accounted for this extraordinary achievement. One was the expansion into the west. Another was the application of machinery to farming. The farmer of 1800, using a hand sickle, could hope to cut a fifth of a hectare of wheat a day. With the cradle, 30 years later, be might cut eighttenths of a hectare a day. In 1840, Cyrus McCormick performed a miracle by cutting from two to twoandahalf hectares a day with the curious machine he had been developing for nearly 10 years. Foreseeing the demand, he headed west to the young prairie town of Chicago, where he set up a reaper factory and by 1860 sold a quarter of a million reapers. 取得這一特殊成就有幾方面的原因：一個(gè)是西部地區(qū)的擴(kuò)張，另一個(gè)是機(jī)器在農(nóng)業(yè)上 的應(yīng)用。 1800 年的農(nóng)民 用手工鐮刀，一天 可望 割五分之一 公頃 的小麥。30 年后， 農(nóng)民們 用 附有配禾架的大鐮刀 ， 一天可以割十分之八 公頃 。在 1840年， Cyrus McCormick 通過每天收割 2 公頃或 公頃的麥子創(chuàng)下了奇跡。他是利用幾乎花費(fèi) 10 年心血所發(fā)明的神奇機(jī)器收割的。他預(yù)想到收割機(jī)將來的需求量，于是就到 了西部芝加哥 一個(gè)新開發(fā)的大草原 鎮(zhèn)上 ，建立了一家收割機(jī) 廠，到了 1860 年，他 就 賣出 了 250000 臺(tái)收割機(jī)。 本資料首發(fā)自 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)說明出處。 12 Scarcely less important than machinery in the agricultural revolution was science. In 1862, the Morrill Land Grant College Act allotted public land to each state for the established of agricultural and industrial colleges. These were to serve both as educational institutions and as centers for research in scientific farming. Congress subsequently appropriated funds for the creation of agriculture experiment stations throughout the country and also granted funds directly to the Department of Agriculture for research purpose. By the beginning of the new century, scientists throughout the land were at work on a wide variety of agriculture projects. 在農(nóng)業(yè)革命中和機(jī)械幾乎同等重要的是科學(xué)， 1862 年， 根據(jù)“莫里爾公地興學(xué)法案”，國(guó)會(huì)把 公用土地 分配給各 州， 以便 建立農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)學(xué) 院 。這些學(xué)校 一方面是 教育機(jī)構(gòu) ，另一方面是 作為自然農(nóng)業(yè) 科學(xué)的研究 中心。 美國(guó) 國(guó)會(huì) 后來又為在全國(guó) 各地創(chuàng)建 實(shí)驗(yàn)站 撥出?？睿⑶疫€給農(nóng)業(yè)部的農(nóng)業(yè)研究方面直接撥款。新世紀(jì)初 ， 全國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè) 科學(xué)家們 都 在土 致力于各種各樣的農(nóng)業(yè)科研項(xiàng)目 。 Lesson 6 新民主主義論 （摘錄） On New Democracy 五四運(yùn)動(dòng)是反帝國(guó)主義的運(yùn)動(dòng)，又是反封建的運(yùn)動(dòng)。五四運(yùn)動(dòng)的杰出的歷史意義，在于 它帶著為辛亥革命還不曾有的姿態(tài) ，這就是徹底地不妥協(xié)地反帝國(guó)主義和徹底地不妥協(xié)地反封建主義。 The May 4th Movement was an antiimperialist as well as antifeudal movement. Its outstanding historical significance is to be seen in a feature which was absent from the Revolution of 1911, namely, its thorough and unpromising opposition to imperialist as well as to feudalism. 五四運(yùn)動(dòng)所以具有這種性質(zhì)，是在當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)的資本主義已有進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展，當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)的革命知識(shí)分子眼見俄、德、奧三大帝國(guó)主義國(guó)家已經(jīng)瓦解，英、法兩大帝國(guó)主義國(guó)家已經(jīng)受傷，而俄國(guó)無產(chǎn)階級(jí)已經(jīng)建立了社會(huì)主義國(guó)家，德、奧、（匈牙利）、意三國(guó)無產(chǎn)階級(jí)在革命中，因而發(fā)生了中國(guó)民族解放的新希望。 五四運(yùn)動(dòng)是在當(dāng)時(shí)世界革命號(hào)召之下，是在俄國(guó)革命號(hào)召之下，是在列寧號(hào)召之下發(fā)生的。五四運(yùn) 動(dòng)是當(dāng)時(shí)無產(chǎn)階級(jí)世界革命的一部分。五四運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)期雖然還沒有中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨，但是已經(jīng)有了大批的贊成俄國(guó)革命的具有初步共產(chǎn)主義思想的知識(shí)分子。 The May 4th Movement possessed this quality because capitalism had developed a step further in China and because new hopes had arisen for the liberation of the Chinese nation as China‘s revolutionary intellectuals saw the collapse of three great imperialist powers, Russia, Germany and AustriaHungary, and the weakening of two others, Britain and France, while the Russian proletariat had established a socialist state and the German, Hungarian and Italian proletariat had risen in revolution. The May 4th Movement came into being at the call of the world revolution, of the Russian Revolution and of Lenin. It was part of the world proletarian revolution of the time. Although the Communist Party of China had not yet e into existence, there were already large numbers of intellectuals who approved of the Russian Revolution and 本資料首發(fā)自 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)說明出處。 13 had the rudiments of munist ideology. 五四運(yùn)動(dòng)，在其開始，是共產(chǎn)主義的知識(shí)分子、革命的小資產(chǎn)階級(jí)知識(shí)分子和資產(chǎn)階級(jí)知識(shí)分子（他們是當(dāng)時(shí)運(yùn)動(dòng)的右翼）三部分人的統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線的革命運(yùn)動(dòng)。它的弱點(diǎn) ，就在只限于知識(shí) 分子，沒有工人農(nóng)民參加。但發(fā)展到六三運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，就不但是知識(shí)分子，而且有廣大的無產(chǎn)階級(jí)、小資產(chǎn)階級(jí)和資產(chǎn)階級(jí)參加，成了全國(guó)范圍的革命運(yùn)動(dòng)了。 In the beginning the May 4th Movement was the revolutionary movement of a united f