【正文】 king the translation process relatively easier. (22)Before I had my dinner, I went out to see whether my uncle had e back.In this sentence, “before I had my dinner” is a time adverbial clause. In Chinese, the time adverbial clause is usually put at the beginning of this adverbial clause. In Chinese, the time adverbial clause is usually put at the beginning of a sentence, so the translated version of this adverbial clause do not need to be changed to another position. Thus, the translate version should be “吃飯之前，我出去看看叔叔有沒有回來?！?23)He knocked at the door, and, having heard no sound from inside, began to shout.In this sentence, there are three verbs: “knock”, “hear”, and “shout”. After reading this sentence, we can find out that the three verbs are arranged in time sequence, as is the way verbs are arranged in Chinese sentences. Thus, when translating this sentence, the word order need not be changed, and it should be translated as followed: “他敲了敲門，聽到里面沒有聲音，就開始喊?！?Reverse translationMost of English sentence are, because of the thinking habit of Englishmen, different in word order, phrase order or clause order from Chinese sentences. Some sentences are pletely reversed according to Chinese grammar. Translating these sentences, as a result, requires the translator, first, to put the reversed segments in the normal order based on Chinese grammar. This is called reverse translation. (24)He picked up the book his mother gave him.This sentence contains an attributive clause to modify the noun “the book”, but we know that in Chinese, modifiers are generally put before the noun it modifies. So, in the translated sentence, the attributive clause should be put before the noun. However, there is an exception. If the attributive clause is too long, it is not proper to put the translated clause before the noun. This is because, if thus translated, the translated version would sound too awkward based on Chinese grammar. The details of this kind of translation will be discussed later. So, the translated version of the above example is “他拿起了媽媽給他的那本書?！?Reverseandobverse translationSome sentences in English contain both the segments that are the same in word order as Chinese and those segments, which are different. So, in translating these sentences, the former should be translated by using obverse translation, and the latter should employ reverse translation. Both reverse and obverse translation should be employed to translate different parts of the sentence. (25)As Tom is at present writing a report, the book you gave him should be of much help to him.In this sentence, “As Tom is at present writing a report” is an adverbial clause indicating the cause, and “the book you gave him should be of much help to him” is the effect, so the sentence structure in general is the same as a Chinese sentence. However, this sentence also contains an attributive clause used to modify the noun “book”. As has been discussed before, the attributive clause should be put before the noun it modifies. In this case, both obverse and reverse translation is used in translating this sentence. The translated sentence is “他正在寫報(bào)告，所以你給他的那本書一定對他有幫助。”Most of the long sentences in English are of this type, that is, requiring both obverse and reverse translation. So, it is required of the translator to first analyze the structure of the sentence and then understand the meaning of the sentence. The nest step is to translate the sentence in the correct order and in the mon way of expression in Chinese. Component translation Component translation is generally used in attributiveclause translation, provided that the attributive clause is relatively too long to be put before the noun in the translated version, and on the condition that the attributive is not so closely related to the main clause in meaning. Generally, the attributive clause can be translated as a separate sentence from the main clause, or it can be translated as an adverbial clause.(26)He decided to go to the market, which was far from his home, so he took a taxi. In this sentence, the clause, “which was far from his home” is used to modify the noun “the market”, but it is not so closely related to the main clause in meaning. Rather, it can be regarded as a turning point in the sentence, so it can be separated from the main clause. So the translated version is “他決定去那個(gè)市場，而那個(gè)市場離他家很遠(yuǎn)，所以他打了車去?！?27)He choose the red one whose color he liked. In this sentence, the attributive clause “whose color he liked” can be regarded as the reason why “he choose the red”, so the attributive clause can be translated as an adverbial clause indicating reason. The translated version is “他選了那個(gè)紅的，因?yàn)樗矚g那種顏色?！?(28) He left at one o’clock last night, when all the others were sleeping. In this sentence, the attributive clause is used to indicate “the time when he left”, so this clause can be regarded as a time adverbial clause. Besides, in translating this sentence, a transitional word can be used to link the two clauses to make the whole sentence natural. The translated version can be “他是昨天晚上1點(diǎn)走的，那時(shí)候，其他人都在睡覺?！盜t can be seen, in the translated sentence, the transitional phrase “那時(shí)候” is used to connect the two clauses, making the whole sentence sound natural. So, in a word, attributive clauses that have close relation with the main clause should be translated and put before the noun as modifiers, and those attributive clauses that are not used to modify the noun and which are not so closely related to the main clause should be translated as adverbial clauses. Translation by rearrangement of the original sentenceThere are some sentences in English, especially in law documents and technology documents, which have rather plex sentence structures, which, without a thorough study of the structure, would be too difficult to translate. In this case, the whole structure of the English sentence must be changed in order that the Chinese version should ply with Chinese grammatical rule