【正文】 ing out the main structure, what the translator should do is to identify the correct meaning of the words that seem to have some different meanings. In English, there also exist some words that may have different meanings according to the context in which the words are used. Thus, the translator needs to identify the meaning of the words in the sentence. The most efficient way is to consult the dictionary to find out the different meanings a word may have and the different circumstances the word is used according to their meaning. This step is especially important in understanding the meaning of the important words in the sentences.(iv). Get the general idea of the sentenceThe reason why we don’t tend to change the main idea of the original sentence is that we don’t tend to change the main idea of the original sentence in the translated version. Even though a reader may not have any difficulty in understanding the meaning of each of the words in a sentence, he may find it hard to find out the main idea of the sentence, thus making it impossible for him to translate the sentence correctly.In general, understanding is the first step that should be taken in translating long sentences. To achieve correct understanding of the sentences, a reader must be good at English grammar, be familiar with various types of English sentences and a fairly large vocabulary. After understanding the meaning and structure of the original sentence, the next step to be taken is to express the meaning in the target language in a rational way.“English and Chinese have different ways of expressions, grammatical rules and thinking habits, so it is natural that the same meaning has different structures when expressed in English and Chinese. So when translating English sentences into Chinese, the sentence structure should be changed in order to be acceptable in Chinese language. This step is particularly difficult in long sentence translation as translators usually find difficulties in where to put the segments in the targeted language.”[17]P25After reading the English sentence, the reader needs to identify the function of every word, phrase, and clause, and then put these segments, according to their function, in the proper place in conformation with the grammatical rules, way of expression and thinking habit of Chinese. For example, attributive clauses are used as modifiers of nouns, but they should be put before the noun rather than after the noun. For another instance, time adverbs are often put at the end of a sentence, while in the Chinese language, the time adverbs should be put at the beginning of a sentence. Similarly, in English, nouns, rather than verbs, are more frequently used to indicate an action, so in the translated Chinese version, the noun should be transformed into a verb, as verbs are frequently used in Chinese than nouns. (21)He became angrier as the noise didn’t stop.After reading the sentence, we know that “as the noise didn’t stop” is the reason for the fact “he became angrier”. In Chinese, the reason is usually first given before the affected in conformation with time sequence, so the reason should be put before the effect in Chinese. Thus, the translated version should be,“噪音沒有停止，這讓他更生氣了。”(23)He knocked at the door, and, having heard no sound from inside, began to shout.In this sentence, there are three verbs: “knock”, “hear”, and “shout”. After reading this sentence, we can find out that the three verbs are arranged in time sequence, as is the way verbs are arranged in Chinese sentences. Thus, when translating this sentence, the word order need not be changed, and it should be translated as followed: “他敲了敲門，聽到里面沒有聲音，就開始喊?！?Reverseandobverse translationSome sentences in English contain both the segments that are the same in word order as Chinese and those segments, which are different. So, in translating these sentences, the former should be translated by using obverse translation, and the latter should employ reverse translation. Both reverse and obverse translation should be employed to translate different parts of the sentence. (25)As Tom is at present writing a report, the book you gave him should be of much help to him.In this sentence, “As Tom is at present writing a report” is an adverbial clause indicating the cause, and “the book you gave him should be of much help to him” is the effect, so the sentence structure in general is the same as a Chinese sentence. However, this sentence also contains an attributive clause used to modify the noun “book”. As has been discussed before, the attributive clause should be put before the noun it modifies. In this case, both obverse and reverse translation is used in translating this sentence. The translated sentence is “他正在寫報告，所以你給他的那本書一定對他有幫助?！?27)He choose the red one whose color he liked. In this sentence, the attributive clause “whose color he liked” can be regarded as the reason why “he choose the red”, so the attributive clause can be translated as an adverbial clause indicating reason. The translated version is “他選了那個紅的，因為他喜歡那種顏色。”It can be seen, in the translated sentence, the transitional phrase “那時候” is used to connect the two clauses, making the whole sentence sound natural. So, in a word, attributive clauses that have close relation with the main clause should be translated and put before the noun as modifiers, and those attributive clauses that are not used to modify the noun and which are not so closely related to the main clause should be translated as adverbial clauses. Translation by rearrangement of the original sentenceThere are some sentences in English, especially in law documents and technology documents, which have rather plex sentence structures, which, without a thorough study of the structure, would be too difficult to translate. In this case, the whole structure of the English sentence must be changed in order that the Chinese version should ply with Chinese grammatical ru