【正文】 ?ret/ ……；包括……Plan of forming trains 列車編組計(jì)劃Through traffic 直達(dá)運(yùn)輸To pass through 通過……，穿過……To provide for 規(guī)定；為……提供保證第五講4. Main directions in intensifying classification operationsIntensifying production by carrying out managerial and technical measures as by modernizing the enterprises under modem circumstances has bee the general of the national economy. The requirement for intensifying production of also related to a full extent to the development of classification yards. The basic ways of intensifying the operation of classification yards are as follows.The capacity of the various classifying facilities have to be enhanced ,including the humps ,and other yard facilities (departure yards , switching areas etc) Studies show that the bigger the classifying system , for instance , the humping facility the smaller are the expenditures per wagon in terms of needed handling capacities ,which have a direct impact on the construction of the yards and on the operation of its various facilities . Increasing the productivity of the classifying system by 1% results in cutting down the expenditures involved in handling each wagon by %. This means that when working out projects of classification yards one should incorporate the possibility of changes with regard to enchanting the wagon handling capacities of the various facilities.The efforts geared at intensifying yard operations are facilitated by utilizing puters ensuring executive technological functions .With regard to classification yards these technological functions are related to humping trains. Presently automated systems have been developed and introduced which ensure an automatic control of the speed of breadingup trains, an automatics control of the humping speed and remote control of the shunting lootives, Yet it is necessary to mechanize and /or automate other operations too, for instance, the disconnection of wagons, which would substantially increase the overall effect of automated humping techniques.It is likewise important to raise the speed of the shunting operations in all yards , to increase the scope of parallel shunting operations .to reduce the intervals between the various shunting operations . In order to attain this objective is it necessary, while introducing new technical facilities at the yard, to analyse periodically the technology presently used .Based on a time study measures are to be taken geared at eliminating speed restriction of the various yard operations, which are not duly justified, at cutting down the intervals between the subsequent operations.An important reserve in enhancing the throughput capacities of over loaded classification yards lies in using the method of simultaneous , or shall we say, of parallel humping of two trains over one hump, This method is characterized by the following specific features.in case a simultaneous humping of several trains is carried out ,the hump tracks are operated as an in dependant classifying facility sending the cuts both to the right and the left group of tracks of the classifying yard。wagons of the trains being humped in parallel, which are to be directed to the tracks of the opposite section of the classification yard, are sent to special pickout tracks which are part of each of the sections, They are later rehumped from those tracks for their destination。 some of the trains are being humped in sequence, because a substantial number of wagons contained in these trains are to be directed to the tracks of another section of the classification yard.The possibility and the feasibility of applying the method of parallel humping of trains depends on the structure of the wagon flow and on the track layout of the yard.At the OrekhovoZuyevo classification yard 60% of all the ining trains are humped using this method. Applying this method brought a substantial increase of the throughput capacity of the hump.One of the ways to intensify the operation of the yards is to develop and introduce limited –operations technology, a study of the various operations of classification yards shows that they are too numerous especially so at the hump and in the technical offices. The number of shunting operations ,for instance could be reduced by passing over to implementing advanced schemes of the track layout of yards (using sequential schemes rather than parallel track layout schemes ), to building special humps to make up multigroup unit trains, destined for different freight yards of local railway terminals. In technical offices the number of operations shall and will be reduced by introducing puters for processing the data contained in train consist lists .The increasing of the handing capacities of the yards leads to cutting down the time the wagons spent at the yard(tn) ,that if , it results in a more efficient unitization of the technical means of the railways , At yards with a high level of operational intensity the meant value is to hours .This makes it ,possible to forward with the same number of wagons additionally tens of millions of tons of goods.In order to raise further the handing capacities of classifying yards one has to automate the process of disconnecting the wagons at the hump, to mechanize the process of securing the wagons standing on the tracks without lootives attached to them, to automate the control of switches and signals, as well as the wagon identification etc. These plicated problems will be solved as scientific and technical progress will advance. Words and ExpressionsManagerial /?m230。ni180。?iri? l/ To a full extent 充分地，最大程度地Hump /hΛmp/ 駝峰Departure yard 出發(fā)場(chǎng)Switching area 調(diào)車區(qū)Impact ，影響Project /pr?