【正文】 are fewer sharks around now. Dr. Myers and Dr. worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline， which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the date support an idea current among marine biologists， that of the “ shifting baseline” . The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery es when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that， which is a bad way to be business. 3 The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that A、 large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment B、 small species survived as large animals disappeared C、 large sea animals may face the same threat today. D、 Slowgrowing fish outlive fastgrowing ones 3 We can infer form Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm?s paper that A、 the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90% B、 there are only half as many fisheries are there were 15 years ago C、 the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount D、 the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old 3 By saying“ these figures are conservative” （ line 1 ， paragragf3）， Dr. worm means that A、 fishing technology has improved rapidly B、 the catchsizes are actually smaller than recorded C、 the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss D、 the data collected so far are out of date. 3 Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that A、 people should look for a baseline that can?t work for a longer time B、 fisheries should keep their yield below 50% of the biomass C、 the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level. D、 people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation. 3 The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries? A、 management efficiency B、 biomass level C、 catchsize limits 黑暗版考研英語(yǔ)歷年閱讀真題解析 7 D、 technological application. 重點(diǎn)詞匯： halve: [ hɑ:v ] vt. divide sth into two equal parts 分成兩半 ,平分 ,減少到一半； reduce sth by a half 減半 【例】 The latest planes have halved the time needed for crossing the Atlantic. 最新型號(hào)的飛機(jī)把飛越大西洋所需的時(shí)間減少了一半。 predator: [ 39。pred?t? ] n. 食肉動(dòng)物； person who exploit others 奴役他人者 【例】 He denounced all landlords and moneylenders as evil predators. 他痛斥所有地主和放債者都是罪惡的剝削者 . 【形】 predatory a. （指動(dòng)物）食肉的；掠奪的，以掠奪為目的的 【反】 herbivore n. 食草動(dòng)物 vegetarian n. 素食者 prey: [ prei ] n. animal， bird etc hunted and killed by another for food 被掠食者 ,犧牲者 v. 捕食 ,掠奪 ,使 ...苦惱 【習(xí)】 be/fall prey to sth 被捕食，成為其他動(dòng)物的捕獲物；為某事物所苦，受到謀事無(wú)的折磨 She was prey to irrational fears 她遭受著無(wú)端恐懼的折磨。 【習(xí)】 prey on sb?s mind 煩擾某人 Fear of the consequences preyed on her mind 她擔(dān)心其后果而惴惴不安。 sonar: [ 39。s?unɑ : ] n. 聲納裝置 saturate: [ 39。s230。t??reit ] v. make sth very wet 浸濕或浸透某物 ～ sth/sb with/in sth 【例】 We lay on the beach, saturated in sunshine. 我們躺在沙灘上 , 沐浴在陽(yáng)光里 . 【形】 saturated a. 濕透的，（指溶液）飽和的 【名】 saturation n. 浸濕，浸透，飽和 trap: [ tr230。p ] n. device for catching animals， plan for capturing or detecting sb 圈套 ,陷阱； v. keep sb in a place from which he wants to move but cannot 設(shè)圈套 ,設(shè)陷阱 【用】～ sb into doing/sth 用計(jì)捕捉某人使某人上當(dāng) 【例】 The police set a trap to catch the thief. 警察設(shè)下了捉拿竊賊的圈套。 By clever questioning they trapped him into making a confession. 他們用巧妙的提問(wèn)誘使他招認(rèn)了 。 難句分析： ① What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. 分析：這句子中， what 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句， is 是 謂語(yǔ)， how 引導(dǎo)的從句做賓語(yǔ)。 翻譯：諸如 Ransom Myers 和 Boris Worm 這些研究人員向我們展示的是事情的變化速度是如何之快。 ② That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. 分析：這是一個(gè)因果關(guān)系的復(fù)雜句， what 引導(dǎo)的從句修飾propotion 翻譯：那表示占更高比例的海洋生物被捕獲，所以過(guò)去的數(shù)據(jù)和現(xiàn)在的數(shù)據(jù)之間的差別要比通過(guò)捕捉量的變化記錄下來(lái)的差別更加大。 答案分析 ： 31. 本題的難度值為 ,屬于 較容易 的題目，區(qū)分度為，比較理想。 標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 答案是： C。該題可迅速定位到文章第一段，最后有這么一句話： Now something similar could be happening in the oceans。這可以 說(shuō)是一個(gè)承上啟下句，基本上表明了作者的寫作方向和部分中心思想。由此可看出作者在第一段描述古代動(dòng)物的滅絕，是為了影射當(dāng)今在海洋發(fā)生的同樣的事情。聯(lián)系 C 選項(xiàng)：大部分海洋動(dòng)物可能會(huì)面臨同樣的威脅。因此 C 入選。再看 A 選項(xiàng)，意思是：大部分動(dòng)物對(duì)于環(huán)境改變十分脆弱。這個(gè)在原文中沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)，屬于就事論事，不屬于“ to suggest that” 的范圍。即使從常識(shí)角度上是正確的，在原文中沒(méi)有根據(jù)的選項(xiàng)也不能入選。接著是 B 選項(xiàng)，意思是：當(dāng)大部分動(dòng)物消失時(shí)有小部分種族殘存了下來(lái)。這也是個(gè)無(wú)中生有的選項(xiàng)，在文章中找不到任何根據(jù)。文 章只說(shuō)了有大量遠(yuǎn)古動(dòng)物滅絕而已。最后是 D 選項(xiàng)，意思是：成長(zhǎng)慢的魚比成長(zhǎng)快的魚壽命長(zhǎng)。這個(gè)在原文中更是找不到根據(jù)了，而且，由題設(shè)就可以看出這道題只是和第一段有關(guān)，而關(guān)于魚的話題并不在第一段，因此自然可以排除。 ,屬于 偏難 的題目。 標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 答案是： A。這道題還是比較有難度的，有一定的數(shù)學(xué)因素在里面。由題設(shè)定位到原文第二段這么幾個(gè)句子： What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some longfished areas, it has halved again since 致的地方了。首先看 A 選項(xiàng)，意思是：在一些老漁場(chǎng)，大型捕食者的數(shù)量已經(jīng)減少了 90％。請(qǐng)看原文的這句話： According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some longfished areas, it has halved again since then 大體意思是說(shuō)，捕食者的數(shù)量在新漁場(chǎng)已經(jīng)平均下降了 80％，而在一些長(zhǎng)期捕魚的區(qū)域，即老漁場(chǎng)，這個(gè)數(shù)目又少了一半（注意原文中 again 這個(gè)詞，非常關(guān)鍵），即由原來(lái)的（ 100％－ 80％）下降到了 1/2*（ 100％－