【正文】 訂版 )》對簡答題的要求和大學(xué)英語六級考試樣卷簡答題分析來看，簡答題的答案要求控制在 10個(gè)單詞以內(nèi)。 簡答題考察的是考生對文章整體的理解以及表達(dá)能力。因此我們也可以運(yùn)用查讀和略讀的方法。略讀 是要抓住文章的中心思想，而查讀則是重點(diǎn)關(guān)注需要補(bǔ)全的或簡答的句子。 (1)答題前： a 略讀全文，抓住文章的主題 —— 重點(diǎn)關(guān)注每段段首句和段末句； b 查讀簡答項(xiàng)，根據(jù)細(xì)節(jié)提示補(bǔ)全句子或根據(jù)要求簡要回答問題。 以下是試點(diǎn)考試樣卷中的簡答題： Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage. America is a country that now sits atop the cherished myth that work provides rewards, that working people can support their families. It39。s a myth that has bee so divorced from reality that it might as well begin with the words Once upon a time. Today million New Yorkers suffer from food insecurity, which is a fancy way of saying they don39。t have enough to eat. Some are the people who e in at night and clean the skyscrapers that glitter along the river. Some pour coffee and take care of the aged parents of the people who live in those buildings. The American Dream for the welltodo grows from the bowed backs of the working poor, who too often have to choose between groceries and rent, In a new book called The Betrayal of Work, Beth Shulman says that even in the booming 1990s one out of every four American workers made less than ＄ 8, 70 an hour. An ine equal to the government39。s poverty level for a family of four. Many, if not most, of these workers had no health care, sick pay or retirement provisions. We ease our consciences, Shulman writes, by describing these people as low skilled. As though they39。re not important or intelligent enough to deserve more. But lowskilled workers today are better educated than ever before, and they constitute the linchpin (關(guān)鍵 ) of American industry. When politicians crow (得意洋 洋的說 ) that happy days are here again because jobs are on the rise, it39。s these jobs they39。re really talking about. Five of the 10 occupations expected to grow big in the next decade are in the lowestpaying job groups. And before we sit back and decide that39。s just the way it is, it39。 instructive to consider he rest of the world. While the bottom 10 percent of American workers earn just 37 percent of our average wage, their counterparts in other industrialized countries earn upwards of 60 percent. And those are countries that provide health care and child care, which eases the economic pinch considerably. Almost 40 years ago, when Lyndon Johnson declared war on poverty, a family with a car and a house in the suburbs felt prosperous. Today that same family may well feel poor, overwhelmed by creditcard debt, a second mortgage and the cost of the stuff that has bee the backbone of American life. When the middle class feels poor, the poor have little chance for change ,or even recognition. Questions: 1. By saying it might as well begin with the words 39。Once upon a time39。 (Line 3, Para. 1), the author suggests that the American myth is _____________. 2. What is the American Dream of the welltodo built upon? 3. Some Americans try to make themselves feel less guilty by attributing the poverty of the working people to_________. 4. We learn from the passage that the difference in pay between the lowest paid and the average worker in America is ________________ than that in other industrialized countries. 5. According to the author, how would an American family with a car and a house in the suburbs probably feel about themselves today? (2) 答題時(shí)： a 注意很多細(xì)節(jié)題，問答題與原文細(xì)節(jié)只是換了一種說法，或者用了意思相近的詞，或者是同位語從句、定語從句的再述。例如：第 1 題問“美國神話是什么？”，原文中對應(yīng)的句子為第一段的第二句“ It is a myth that has bee so divorced from reality that it might as well begin with the words ‘ Once upon a time .’”再如，第 2 題簡答的句子結(jié)構(gòu)為“ … ..is built upon … .” , 和原文中對應(yīng)的句子為第一段最后一句“ The American Dream for the welltodo grows from the bowed backs of the working poor”, 此處， grows from...與 is built upon...屬于同義短語。還有第 3 題也是屬于這類。題中 attributing the poverty of the working people to對應(yīng)原文中第三段第一句中 by describing these people as 39。low skilled39。 b 注意作答時(shí)的語法要求。例如第 4 題用了比較級，所以可以根據(jù)語法現(xiàn)象得知此處應(yīng)該填形容詞的比較級。從文中倒數(shù)第三段第二句 While the bottom 10 percent of American workers earn just 37 percent of our average wage, their counterparts in other industrialized countries earn upwards of 60 percent.”可以知道，此處應(yīng)該填“ much greater“ 。這類題需要理解簡答項(xiàng)涉及的細(xì)節(jié)，然后根據(jù)語法來作答。 c 注意簡答題往往是在文中原話基礎(chǔ)上的再表述，而答案是直接的。例如第 5 題，文章最后一段第一句和第二句是這樣的： Almost 40 years ago, when Lyndon Johnson declared war on poverty, a family with a car and a house in the suburbs felt prosperous. Today that same family may Well feel poor， overwhelmed by creditcard debt? 這是一個(gè)對比句，以前感覺比較富裕，而現(xiàn)在則覺得窮。 d．由于簡答題要求答案最好不要超過 l0個(gè)單詞，考生在答題時(shí)直接在答題紙上寫 需要的答案即可，切記不要太啰唆。 簡答題答題原則 簡答題 (1) 理解到位，把握中心思想 篇章簡答首先也是要求考生對一篇文章的中心思想能夠準(zhǔn)確把握。中心思想的捕捉主要有兩個(gè)方面，一是根據(jù)上文所提到的關(guān)鍵詞，二就是要重視文章的首段，從考過的 CET6簡答題中不難得出結(jié)論，絕大部分文章的主題句都在文章的開頭處。 (2) 題區(qū)判定 除了主旨題和作者的觀點(diǎn)及態(tài)度題之外，其他的題目都是針對某一個(gè)具體的段落、句子或短語和單詞來設(shè)計(jì)的。這就要求考生在拿到一道題目的時(shí)候，快速找到題目所涉及的文章具體位置，以免浪費(fèi)時(shí)間不得要領(lǐng)。 (3) 細(xì)節(jié)選擇 細(xì)節(jié)選擇可以是對題區(qū)判定的另一個(gè)說法，也可以是對它的進(jìn)一步深入。既然是一個(gè)題區(qū)，它所包含的范圍勢必相對過大，有時(shí)候使考生的答題看似有據(jù)可依；而實(shí)際上又無從下手。圈定所要答題的具體細(xì)節(jié)，是撥開迷霧的唯一方法。 (4) 重點(diǎn)歸納 歸納能力不僅僅體現(xiàn)在歸納題本身，其他題目都或多或少地考察了考生的重點(diǎn)歸納能力?？v觀大學(xué)英語六級考試簡答題所給出的題目，其中所要求的答案能從文章本身照搬的少之又少。這就要求考生善于抓住重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié) 。 (5) 準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)意思，避免重復(fù)、繁瑣以及畫蛇添足 由于大學(xué)英語六級考試簡答題在字?jǐn)?shù)上的限制 (按以往的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，超過 10個(gè)詞是要扣分的 )，考生在回答問題時(shí)一定要語言精煉，抓住核心內(nèi)容，準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)。 。 (6) 注意提問方式和答案的協(xié)調(diào)性 不難理解，如果文章用“ why來提問，考生的第一反應(yīng)就應(yīng)該是用“ because”引導(dǎo)的從句來作答。如果是補(bǔ)全一個(gè)句子，直接補(bǔ)全就可以了。 (7) 合乎語法、拼寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)規(guī)則 在作答時(shí)要使句子合乎語法規(guī)則，注意單詞的拼寫、 開頭字母的大寫以及標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號等。注：做篇章問答時(shí)，注意把握時(shí)間。不要啰嗦復(fù)述，拖泥帶水，一定要言簡意賅，直接回答 提出的問題即可?？傊啙嵜髁耸瞧聠柎鸬年P(guān)