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納米醫(yī)藥第10章-納米藥物的藥效學與藥代動力學-資料下載頁

2025-01-08 10:28本頁面
  

【正文】 ij78 和 Poluromic F68 表面修飾的 taxol 固體脂質(zhì)納米粒,體內(nèi) t1/2β 分別為 和,而 taxol 注射劑的 t1/2β 為 ,可見兩種納米粒都可延長 taxol 的體內(nèi)滯留時間 [69]。柔紅霉素長循環(huán)脂質(zhì)體,平均粒徑 。由于 PEG 的長鏈在脂質(zhì)體表面形成空間位阻和親水保護層,能阻止 RES 對脂質(zhì)體的識別和攝取,因此給大鼠靜注后, t1/2α和 AUC 分別是普通注射劑的 倍和 96倍,明顯延長血液循環(huán)時間,使柔紅霉素能更多地到達靶部位 [70 ]。 硝苯地平( nifedipine)由于起效快、半衰期短而使其臨床應(yīng)用受到一定的限制。 Kim[71]等采用聚己內(nèi)酯( PCL)、 PLGA、丙烯酸樹酯為載體制備了三種硝苯地平納米粒,給自發(fā)性高血壓大鼠灌胃后,與對照組相比峰濃度( Cmax)下降,峰時 間( Tmax)和平均滯留時間( MRT)延長,相對生物利用度提高,早期降壓幅度減小,降壓作用維持時間延長,表明硝苯地平納米粒具有緩釋、長效、平穩(wěn)降壓的特性。 以甲氧聚乙二醇和 PCL 共聚物為載體制備了包載吲哚美辛( indomethacin, IMC)的納米球( IMCNS),粒徑小于 200mm,載藥量 42%。將 IMCNS 和游離 IMC 經(jīng)鼠尾靜脈注射,得到的藥代動力學參數(shù)為: MRT,( 177。) h 和( 177。) h (p);穩(wěn)態(tài)分布容積( Vdss),( 177。)L 和 ( 177。) L( p); t1/2,( 177。) h 和( 177。) h( p); CL,( 177。)Lh1 和( 177。) Lh1。由此可見, IMCNS 延長了藥物體內(nèi)循環(huán)時間,具有明顯的緩釋效應(yīng) [72]。 又如 CGP57813,一種 HIV1 蛋白酶抑制劑, Leroux[73]等將其載入聚乳酸和 pH 敏感甲基丙烯酸共聚物的納米粒,給小鼠靜注后,與對照組相比, AUC 增加 2 倍, t1/2 從 13min 延長到 61min,表觀分布容積自 kg1 增 至 Lkg1,可見藥代動力學特征發(fā)生明顯改變。 從以上眾多的研究實例可以看出,納米技術(shù)的應(yīng)用能夠增強藥效,降低毒性作用,改善藥物吸收,改變藥物體內(nèi)過程,為藥物的體內(nèi)藥效學和代謝動力學賦予新的特色。納米載藥系統(tǒng)可以作為抗腫瘤藥、蛋白質(zhì)和多肽、抗生素、 DNA 等多種藥物的有效輸送載體。納米技術(shù)的應(yīng)用為新藥的開發(fā) 286 研究提供了廣闊的空間。值得注意的是,以上所有的研究成果均是在體外或動物實驗獲得的,在人體的實驗研究較少,而納米藥物用于人類以預防和治療疾病才是最為關(guān)鍵和重要的,也是納米藥物開發(fā)的最終目的,因此推進 和加強納米藥物的臨床藥理學研究是醫(yī)藥學工作者們共同面臨的重大課題。 參考文獻 1 Astier A, Doat B, Ferrer M J. 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