【導讀】(seeZhangPeiji《英漢翻譯教程》：326;Molei《中國翻譯教學研究》：113-4;《中國翻譯詞典》：

　　

【正文】 our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been mitted, and to which we are mitted today at home and around the world. 安徽師范大學是一座綜合性的重點師范學校，誕生于 1928 年。隨著共和國的成長，她也歷經(jīng)磨礪，走過了七十多年的風風雨雨。七十多年來，一批批德才兼?zhèn)涞慕虒W、科研和管理人員匯集在這里，懷著振興安徽，振興教育的希冀，在這塊土地上默默地耕耘。春華秋實，碩果累累，兩萬多名教育教學人才走出學校大門，足跡遍及全國，桃李滿天下。他們獻身教育，殫思竭慮，撐起教育的脊梁，托起明天的太陽。 How to adjust the original to make sure of the reproduction of the messages? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Translating is the reproduction of the meaning. Make sure that your translation shouldn‘t be a ―slave translation‖, or ―the dance wearing fetters‖. Equivalence rather than identity The translator must strive for equivalence rather than identity. In a sense this is just another way of emphasizing the reproduction of the message rather than the conservation of the form of the utterance, but it reinforces the need for radical alteration. Consider the following. order English is quite different from Chinese in terms of word order, which is clearly shown in the following examples. English and Chinese Translation: An Introduction 12 水火，貧富；新舊；長短；細長；河流湖泊；中小型；遲早；水土流失 pare them with their English equivalents: fire and water。 rich and poor。 old and new。 short and long。 lakes and rivers。 small and medium。 sooner or later。 soil erosion and water loss Here is a study of English articles (a, an, the) and their Chinese counterparts, which is a good reflection of the importance of adjusting word order in translating. I ate the apple. I ate an apple. The man is ing. A man is ing. We may consider another example, which is interestingly indicative of how the negligence of this universal feature of definite/indefinite reference and its specific way of representation may be the cause of trouble in translation. In this specific case, this negligence has for ages inadvertently affected the Chinese translation of the first line of Hamlet‘s famous soliloquy: To be, or not to be, that is the question: (Whether ?tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them?) 死后還是存在，還是不存在 —— 這是問題 ； （梁實秋） 生存還是不生存： 就是這個問題 ： （曹 禺） 生存還是毀滅， 這是一個值得考慮的問題 ： （朱生豪） 活下去還是不活： 這是問題 。 （卞之林） 是存在還是消亡， 問題的所在 ； (孫大雨） 干，還是不干， 這就是問題 。 （陳 嘉） 存在，還是毀滅， 就這問題了 。 (林同濟） 是生，還是死， 問題就在這里 ： (哪一種做法精神上更可貴， 是忍受狂暴命運射來的矢石， 還是拿起刀槍與苦海拼搏， 以抗爭將之了結？ ) Now it‘s your turn to pare this with another version by Zhu Shenghao and ment on: ―The translator must strive for equivalence rather than identity. In a sense this is just another way of emphasizing the reproduction of the message rather than the conservation of the form of the utterance, but it reinforces the need for radical alteration.‖ 生存還是毀滅，這是一個值得考慮的問題； 默然忍受命運暴虐的毒箭，或是挺身反抗 人世的無涯的苦難，通過斗爭把它們掃清， English and Chinese Translation: An Introduction 13 這兩種行為，哪一種更為高貴？ What is your ment on the two versions? Is there a universal contradiction between equivalence and identity? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ b. Sentence anization The following examples are offered for you to weigh your radical alteration of the original: Translate the following: She is a little and dark personage, smartly dressed but of somewhat morose aspect. Some are trampled by destiny, lost forever in the endless unknowns of life. There are the few brave souls who grab at its horns and hang on at all costs. The risk is unimaginably high. No place is more terrible than the hopeless emptiness of a broken heart, yet for many it is the price to pay for a glimpse of true love. It is a long, bitter journey, sustained only by knowing that once you taste the wine there is no turning back. There will be moments of dark despair, but also moments of indescribable sweetness when a simple smile will turn the surrounding world into a blur of pleasure. Are you prepared to bind yourself to the mast like Odysseus and sail to the brink of destruction, just for one chance to hear the Sirens sing? The ship is waiting. There‘s salt in the wind. (The Salt in the Wind) 我已是一個中年人。一到中年，就有許多不愉快的現(xiàn)象，眼睛昏花了，記憶力減退了， 頭發(fā)開始禿脫而且變白了，意興，體力，什么都不如年輕的時候，常不禁會感到難以名言的寂寞的情味。尤其覺得難堪的是知友的逐漸減少和疏遠，缺乏交際上的溫暖的慰籍 . Appreciate the following: 尋尋覓覓，冷冷清清，凄凄慘慘戚戚。 I look for what I miss, I know not what it is, I feel so sad, so drear, So lonely, without cheer. (XYZ) Length: amplification and omission We must add or omit some words sometimes for equivalence according to the context if it is necessary. Consider the following examples: Translate the following: Mr. Brocklehurst‘s words went to my heart like a dagger. I began to steady the palsy of my English and Chinese Translation: An Introduction 14 nerves and to feel that the rubicon was passed。 and that the trial, no longer to be shirked, must be firmly sustained. 真正的朋友，恐怕要算“ 總角之交 ”或“ 竹馬之交 ”了。在小學和中學的時代容易 結成真實的友誼，那時彼此尚不感到生活的壓迫，入世未深，打算計較的念頭也少，朋友的結成全由于志趣相近或性情適合，差不多可以說是“無所為”的，性質比較地純粹。二十歲以后結成的友誼，大概已不免攙有各種各樣的顏色分子在內。 What pa