【正文】 take it ?” “I don39。t think so.” “Why not?39。 ”I don39。t want to.“ ”聽說有個很好的工作要你去干。“ ”挺好的工作“?！贝蛩愀蓡?？“ ”不?！?”為什么不干？“ ”不想干“。摘自《刀鋒》（The Razor39。s Edge）這是小說中的一段對說，屬于口語文體。其特點是：用詞自由，句法結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，短句與省略句多，自然樸素，生活氣息濃厚。在譯文中進一步體現(xiàn)漢語口語的特點，省去主語”你“、”我“；將英語的一個句子I don39。t think ”不“，顯得簡潔有力。She was of a helpless, fleshy build, with a frank, open countenance and an innocent, diffident eyes were large and patient, and in them dwelt such a shadow of distress as only those who have looked sympathetically into the countenances of the distraught and helpless poor know anything ，一張?zhí)孤书_誠的面容，一種天真羞怯的神氣。一雙大落落的柔順眼睛，里邊隱藏著無窮的心事，只有那些對于凄惶無告的窮苦人面目作過同情觀察的人才看得出來。摘自（珍妮姑娘）（Jennie Gerhardt）,就運用了十個形容詞,占五分之一。”and in then dwelt such a shadow of distress“是非常優(yōu)美生動的文學(xué)語言，譯文保持了一風(fēng)格。MONTREALClark Johns acplished a spectacular debut for his NHL career tonight, the first score launching a fourpoint first period out burst,to lead the Johnson City High Hats to a 6:4 victory over the Montreal Teals and their eighth consecutive game without a loss.[蒙特利爾電]在全國手球聯(lián)賽中克拉克約翰斯今晚初試鋒芒，引起轟動。上半場領(lǐng)先四分，首開記錄。克拉克發(fā)揮中堅作用，約翰遜市高帽隊終以6:4擊敗蒙特利爾市小鴨隊，創(chuàng)造了連勝八場未負一場的戰(zhàn)績。這是屬于應(yīng)用文的新聞文體，其特點是簡明扼要，短小精悍，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，筆鋒犀利。上述這則電訊只有一個句子，卻把一場球賽描繪得淋漓盡致，富于吸引力。The range of a voltmeter may be extended by means of a series resistor called a multiplier as shown in fullscale reading of the meter alone may be the multiplier 250volts may be required to move the pointer to fullscale, 135 volts across the multiplier and 15volts across the ，不難看出其文體與修辭手段與前面列舉的文藝小說，新聞報道等迥然不同?？萍嘉捏w崇尚嚴(yán)謹周密，概念準(zhǔn)確，邏輯性強，行文簡練，重點突出，句式嚴(yán)整，少有變化，常用前置性陳述，即在句中將主要信息盡量前置，通過主語傳遞主要信息?？萍嘉恼挛捏w的特點是：清晰、準(zhǔn)確、精練、嚴(yán)密。那末，科技文章的語言結(jié)構(gòu)特色在翻譯過程中如何處理，這是進行英漢科技翻譯時需要探討的問題?，F(xiàn)分述如下：一、大量使用名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)《當(dāng)代英語語法》（A Grammar of Contemporary）在論述科技英語時提出，大量使用名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)（Nominalization）是科技英語的特點之一。因為科技文體要求行文簡潔、表達客觀、內(nèi)容確切、信息量大、強調(diào)存在的事實。而非某一行為。Archimeds first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid 。句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)，一方面簡化了同位語從句，另一方強調(diào)displacement 這一事實。The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to ，引起晝夜的變化。名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使復(fù)合句簡化成簡單句，而且使表達的概念更加確切嚴(yán)密。If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat be considerably ?？萍加⒄Z所表述的是客觀規(guī)律，因之要盡量避免使用第一、二人稱；此外，要使主要的信息置于句首。Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio 。名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 強調(diào)客觀事實，而”謂語動詞則著重其發(fā)射和接受的能力。二、廣泛使用被動語句根據(jù)英國利茲大學(xué)John Swales 的統(tǒng)計，科技英語中的謂語至少三分之一是被動態(tài)。這是因為科技文章側(cè)重敘事推理，強調(diào)客觀準(zhǔn)確。第一、二人稱使用過多，會造成主觀臆斷的印象。因此盡量使用第三人稱敘述，采用被動語態(tài)，例如：Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the 。而很少說：You must pay attention to the working temperature of the 。此外，如前所述，科技文章將主要信息前置，放在主語部份。這也是廣泛使用被動態(tài)的主要原因。試觀察并比較下列兩段短文的主語。We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy is measured in 。這樣的裝置稱之為電容器，其儲存電能的能力稱為電容。電容的測量單位是法拉。這一段短文中各句的主語分別為： Electrical energy Such a deviceIts ability to store electrical energyIt(Capacitance)它們都包含了較多的信息，并且處于句首的位置，非常醒目。四個主語完全不同，避免了單調(diào)重復(fù)，前后連貫，自然流暢。足見被動結(jié)構(gòu)可收簡潔客觀之效。三、非限定動詞。如前所述，科技文章要求行文簡練，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，為此，往往使用分詞短語代替定語從句或狀語從句；使用分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)代替狀語從句或并列分句；使用不定式短語代替各種從句；介詞十動名詞短語代替定語從句或狀語從句。這樣可縮短句子，又比較醒目。試比較下列各組句子。A direct current is a current flowing always in the same 。Radiating from the earth, heat causes air currents to ，使得氣流上升。A body can more uniformly and in a straight line,there being no cause to change that ，那么物體將作勻速直線運動。Vibrating objects produce sound waves ,each vibration producing one sound ，每一次振動產(chǎn)生一個聲波。In munications, the problem of electronics is how to convey information from one place to ，電子學(xué)要解決的問題是如何把信息從一個地方傳遞到另一個地方。Materials to be used for structural purposes are chosen so as to behave elastically in the environmental 。There are different ways of changing energy from one form into 。In making the radio waves correspond to each sound in turn ,messages are carried from a broadcasting station to a receiving ，信息就由廣播電臺傳遞到接收機。四、后置定語大量使用后置定語也是科技文章的特點之一。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)不以下五種：介詞短語The forces due to friction are called frictional 。A call for paper is now being 。形容詞及形容詞短語。In this factory the only fuel available is 。In radiation ,thermal energy is transformed into radiant energy ,similar in nature to ，轉(zhuǎn)換成性質(zhì)與光相似的輻射能。副詞The air outside pressed the side 。The force upward equals the force downward so that the balloon stays at the ，所以氣球就保持在這一高度。單個分詞，但仍保持校強的動詞意義。The results obtained must be The heat produced is equal to the electrical energy 。定語從句During construction, problems often arise which require design ，常會出現(xiàn)需要改變設(shè)計的問題。The molecules exert forces upon each other, which depend upon the distance between ，該力的大小取決于它們之間的距離。Very wonderful changes in matter take place before our eyes every day to which we pay little attention.(定語從句to which we pay little attention 修飾的是changes,這是一種分隔定語從句。)我們幾乎沒有注意的很奇異的物質(zhì)變化每天都在眼前發(fā)生。To make an atomic bomb we have to use uranium 235,in which all the atoms are available for ，我們必須用鈾235，因為軸的所有原子都會裂變。五、常用句型科技文章中經(jīng)常使用若干特定的句型，從而形成科技文體區(qū)別于其他文體的標(biāo)志。例如Itthat結(jié)構(gòu)句型；被動態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)句型；結(jié)構(gòu)句型，分詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)句型，省略句結(jié)構(gòu)句型等。舉例如下：It is evident that a well lubricated bearing turns more easily than a dry ，潤滑好的軸承，比不潤滑的軸承容易轉(zhuǎn)動。It seems that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and ，相互作用的。It has been proved that induced voltage causes a current to flow in opposition to the force producing ，感應(yīng)電壓使電流的方向與產(chǎn)生電流的磁場力方向相反。It was not until the 19th century that heat was considered as a form of 。Computers may be classified as analog and 。The switching time of the newtype transistor is shortened three 。（或縮短為三分之一。）This steel alloy is believed to be the best available 。Electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed as 。Microputers are very small in size ,as is shown in ，微型計算機體積很小。In water sound travels nearly five times as fast as in 。Compared with hydrogen, oxygen is nearly 16 times as ，重量大約是它的十六倍。The resistance being very high ,the current in the circuit was ，電路中通過的電流