【導(dǎo)讀】仔細研究；最后把這些服務(wù)的重要性納入貨物貿(mào)易中衡量。但這是不可能的，因為缺乏統(tǒng)計材料，本文也比利時和盧森堡的具體情況進行了研究。戶糾正在很大程度上的變化發(fā)生在無形貿(mào)易平衡的影響，也就是服務(wù)貿(mào)易的影響。服務(wù)賬戶盈余在不同程度上彌補有形貿(mào)易收支赤字。所有這一切研究分析了國際服務(wù)貿(mào)易是全球范圍內(nèi)國際交易中的重要因素。圖提供各方面關(guān)于國際服務(wù)信息可用性的概述，并指出這些信息的差異。在收集有關(guān)國際服務(wù)資。常困難的研究，作為“服務(wù)”一詞的含義和條款范圍還沒有一致的意見。這種聯(lián)系加強了服務(wù)貿(mào)易生產(chǎn)者和消費者之間個人關(guān)系，引起價格和品質(zhì)方面的差異。這意味著服務(wù)缺乏相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)主要原因是無形服務(wù)發(fā)現(xiàn)上述問題，這使得本身無法記。錄他們跨境的服務(wù)，所以，數(shù)量和單價沒有任何意義。

　　

【正文】 erty of intangibility of services, which makes it impossible to record physically services as they cross a border, so that volumes and unit prices have no meaning. The result is that the data finally obtained are much too constitutes a particular problem for the more recent, fastgrowing services, such as advertising, accounting, legal consulting, management consulting, puter and munication services, data bank consuhation,etc. As stated earlier, the existing statistics also suffer from a total absence of figures concerning the sales of services panies through their offices abroad. These figures are nowhere to be found in the balance of payments, and elsewhere there is little or no systematic collection of data in this area, except in the United States. Moreover,the tracking down of this information is highly plicated, especially if subsidiaries are obliged to take on the nationality and legal organization of their country of adoption, or if they are bound to alter their ownership structure to favour that country39。s citizens. The lack of clarity and precision in the pilation and analysis of intemational services data also results in the confusion found in the literature between invisible transactions and international services activity, despite the fact that the two concepts are fundamentally different. Invisible international transactions can be divided roughly into four categories, which can be found as such in most balance of payments statistics [Sapir, 1982]: ? private trade in services。 ? transferred ine from investment in the goods and services sector。 ? official transactions。 ? royalties for patents, manufacturing and trademark licences, and copyright. For the sake of pleteness, the total private intemational services transactions for a given country A, based on the 39。ownership39。 concept (see section I), consists of the first of the above categories, crossborder trade in services, plus the following: ? sales by direct investment in services sectors abroad。 ? sales of services to foreign direct investment in that country A。 ? sales of services by processing industries (crossborder or via foreign investment)。 ? services incorporated into exported goods. However, the lack of relevant data generally constrains us to an approach that is limited to the trade in services, as dealt with in the next section. Section III looks at sales via foreign investment, and section IV estimates the extent of services incorporated into exported goods. II. CROSS BORDER TRADE IN SERVICES 5 In this section, some light is cast on the significance of crossborder intemational services on the basis of figures taken from the balance of payments statistics. The approach is based on both intemational data and data specific to Belgium and Luxembourg, with a closer look at subsectors. First of all, however, let us examine the nature of the available statistical material. Available statistical material Intemationally parable data on crossborder intemational services transactions are available for the following categories of services: ?fieight。 ?insurance of goods transport。 ?other forms of transport。 ?travel。 ?private services. This means that the services that have shown the most mobility in recent terms, such as financial services and information technology services, are lumped together in a residual The EEC39。s statistics department (Eurostat) has e up with an interesting initiative in this context in developing a prototype balance sheet for invisible transactions [Belgian Committee for Invisible Earnings, 1987]. The methodology suggested by Eurostat includes a positive definition of invisible transactions as the sum of three categories of transactions: services, ine and Eurostat mode! has a hierarchical structure divided into four levels: sections (services, ine and transfers), chapters, sectors and headings. In the most recent version of the Eurostat project, the services section prises ten chapters: ?transport ?insurance ?financial missions ?trading missions ?travel, tourism, residence abroad ?services related to technology transfer ?construction and civil engineering ?munication and culture ?services provided by public bodies ?miscellaneous services. During the discussion in the Eurostat working party, the member states showed a positive attitude to the broad outline of the model, but were very sceptical about the degree of segregation, which es up against the same practical objection in all member states: that the gathering of such detailed information would involve too heavy an administrative workload. Nevertheless, the transport cha,pter, for one, would have to be subdivided into its major sectors of seagoing transport, inland waterway transport, air transport, road transport and rail transport. Although this working party39。s activities have not yet been pleted, it would appear that there is a good chance of the member states39。 accepting the model39。s main divisions. However, for reasons of parability in time, the new proposal will not take the place of the existing classification. At best, it will be on an equal footing. The EEC prototype balance sheet was used as a base by the limited working party on 6 39。Statistics39。 created within the 39。Balance of Payments and Foreign Trade39。 submittee of the 39。Belgian Committee on Invisible Earnings39。3. The principal task of this working party was to file statistical data on services transactions, as collected for purposes of establishing the balance of payments, on the basis of the Belgium and Luxembourg Foreign Exchange Institute (BLIW)39。s coding hst, under the Eurostat model39。s headings. The purpose of the exercise was to find out the practical difficulties the application of the model would be likely to give rise to. The working party found that there was only one BLIW heading (representation