【導(dǎo)讀】舒舍予，字老舍，現(xiàn)年四十歲，面黃無須。would表示目的、結(jié)果。意譯是指譯文能正確表達(dá)原文的思想內(nèi)容，但不必拘泥于原文的語言表達(dá)形式。但我的脾氣不好，都是這些事給煩的。我是個(gè)夾在孩子和父母之間的“三明治人”。他建議，真正既全面又符合政治正確性的代詞應(yīng)是“她或他或它”。不是狗占馬槽了嗎？政府的恩惠如同潘多拉的盒子，，主要不同之處是：盒底很少留有希望。人們認(rèn)為他在那種場(chǎng)合所表演的不過是猶大之吻，。收養(yǎng)方面有一定程度的民間化。我們可以看一下我們的鐵銹帶（）昔日的“榮耀”，那里有幾百家落伍至少四十年的大型鋼鐵廠，至今還噴吐著能夠引起酸雨的濃煙。釋義是指舍棄原文的具體表達(dá)形式和比喻形象，采取解釋性的方法譯出原文的意思。

　　

【正文】 多的最高級(jí)形容詞。 a. When they talk to press, the Shanghai citizens use more and more adjectives of the superlative degree. b. You can hear Shanghai people using more and more adjectives of the superlative degree when they talk to the press. 6) 我又閑了一個(gè)多月了啦！ a. I’ve been idle for another month now. b. Another month now and I’ve had no work. 7) （頤和園） 1900 年遭八國聯(lián)軍破壞。 a. The palace was reduced to ruins by the allied forces of the eight foreign powers. b. The palace suffered ravage in the hands of the allied forces of the eight foreign powers. 8) 她們逐漸地鎮(zhèn)定下來，有了自信。 a. They gradually calmed down, restored selfconfidence. b. Gradually, they calmed down and regained selfconfidence. 9) 封建社會(huì)代替奴隸社會(huì)，資本主義代替封建主義，社會(huì)主義經(jīng)歷一個(gè)過程發(fā)展后必然代替資本主義。 Feudal society replaced slavery society, capitalism supplanted feudalism, and, after a long time, socialism will necessarily supercede capitalism. 10) （一個(gè)世紀(jì) 以來，中國人民在前進(jìn)道路上經(jīng)歷了三次歷史性的巨大變化 ?? ）第一次是辛亥革命， ?? 第二次是中華人民共和國的成立， ?? 第三次是改革開放 ?? The first change was represented by the Revolution of 1911… The second change was marked by the founding of the People?s Republic of China… The third change was featured by the reform, openingup policy… 謂語的確定應(yīng)該基于構(gòu)句 （語法） 的需要 1) 農(nóng)業(yè)搞好了，農(nóng)民能自給，五億人口就穩(wěn)定了。 a. If agriculture is in good shape and the peasants selfsupporting, then the 500 million people will feel secure. b. If agriculture is in good shape and the peasants are selfsupporting, then the 500 million people will feel secure. 2) 關(guān)于如何改進(jìn)市民的居住條件問題市政府給予了充分重視。 a. Full attention has been paid by the municipal government to the improvement of the housing conditions of the urban inhabitants. b. The municipal government has paid full attention to the housing conditions of the urban inhabitants. 膾炙人口的傳統(tǒng)京劇《白蛇傳》講的是源自明朝的故事。 The White Snake, one of the most popular traditional Peking operas, is based on a story handed down from the Ming Dynasty. 意大利著名旅游家馬可波羅曾這樣敘述他印象中的杭州：“這是世界上最美妙迷人的城市，它使人覺得自己是在天堂?！? The famous Italian traveler Marco Polo was so impressed by the beauty of Hangzhou that he described it as “the most fascinating city in the world, where one feels as if he was in paradise.” 英雄造時(shí)勢(shì)，時(shí)勢(shì)造英雄。 Heroes create the times, the times produce their heroes. 一踏進(jìn)門檻，屋子里的混亂景象 使我吃了一驚。 Crossing the threshold, I was taken aback by the mess in the house. 四川被稱為“天府之國”。 Sichuan is noted as the “Land of Abundance”. 語序的調(diào)整 英、漢相同點(diǎn)：“ 主語＋謂語＋賓語 ”（ＳＶＯ）或“ 施事＋行為＋受事 ”為基本語序 英、漢相異點(diǎn)：句內(nèi)的語序的靈活性，以及定語、狀語等次要成分位置的差異，漢譯英需要調(diào)整語序 句內(nèi)主要成分位置的調(diào)整 沙發(fā)上坐著一個(gè)人。 A man was sitting on a couch. 馬可波羅的中國之行，給他留下最深刻印象的是杭州西湖之秀美。 The beauty of the West Lake in Hangzhou was what impressed Marco Polo most during his trip to China. 狀語位置的調(diào)整 漢語狀語的位置一般在主語和謂語之間，呈“ 主語→狀語→謂語→賓語 ”模式；英語狀語一般出現(xiàn)在賓語后的句尾，呈“ 主語→謂語→賓語→狀語 ”模式。 1) 我們 明天上午九時(shí) 動(dòng)身。 We are going to start at nine tomorrow morning. 2) 這本書是 三天前 買的。 The book was bought three days ago. 3) 他 每晚都要 看電視。 He watches TV every evening. 4) 在機(jī)器中 很多能量是 由于部件之間的摩擦 而損失的。 In a machine a great deal of energy is lost because of the friction between its parts. 5) 他們 很細(xì)心地 觀察化學(xué)變化 。 They observed the chemical reaction with great care. They observed with great care the chemical reaction. 6) 他們 肩并肩地以瘋狂速度向那座石塔 奔去。 They ran side by side at a fantastic speed towards the stone pagoda. Side by side and at a fantastic speed they ran towards the stone pagoda. Side by side they ran at a fantastic speed towards the stone pagoda. 一系列表示時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，方式狀語位置的調(diào)整 在 漢語 中通常排列為“ 時(shí)間→地點(diǎn)→方式→動(dòng)詞 ”的順序，而在 英語 中則通常排列為“ 動(dòng)詞→方式→地點(diǎn)→時(shí)間 ”的順序。 大會(huì)將于①今年九月②在北京③隆重開幕。 The meeting will begin ceremoniously in Beijing the following September. ①他每晚②都在圖書館③用心讀書。 He reads hard in the library every evening. 他①一九三五年②八月③二十二日④早晨⑤六點(diǎn)三十分誕生在⑴湖南的⑵一個(gè)小縣城。 He was born in a small town of Hunan Province at six thirty on the morning of August 22, 1935. 設(shè)在位于①紐約市②中心③一座摩天大樓④第四十層樓里的⑤那間辦公室，就是他工作的小天地。 The office on the fortieth floor of a skyscraper in the center of New York City is the world he works in. 定語位置的調(diào)整 浩瀚的 大海 The vast sea 古老的中原 文化 The timehonored Central Plain culture 舉世聞名的 萬里長城 The worldfamous Great Wall 一九四九年解放以前，中國人民曾經(jīng)遭受① 世界罕見的 ② 惡性通貨膨脹的 災(zāi)禍。 Before liberation in 1949 the Chinese people suffered from ② some of the worst inflation① the world had ever known. ① 中國現(xiàn)存②規(guī)模最大③保存最完好的古代建筑群。 ③ the bestpreserved ② magnificent ancient architectural plexes① in China 第五章 翻譯十大原則 1) 動(dòng)賓連接原則： 翻譯動(dòng)賓短語時(shí)，先考慮賓語的成分 中國人民始終 希望 天下太平， 希望 各國人 民友好相處。 The Chinese people are always looking forward to global peace and friendship among all nations. The Chinese people are always hoping that the world is at peace and people of all nations will coexist friendlily. avoid the stupid and shortsighted traps 擺脫束縛 打破禁錮 擺脫羈絆 2) 時(shí)態(tài)原則 中華民族 歷來 愛好自由和和平。 The Chinese people have always been cherishing freedom and peace. The Chinese people always cherish freedom and peace. The Chinese people are always cherishing freedom and peace. 中國過去是、現(xiàn)在是、將來是 …… China was, remains to be 中國人民 更 深感自由與和平的珍貴。 The Chinese people have cherished freedom and peace than ever. After all, China and Cuba and other targets of . –led criticism in the mittee were always going to vote and lobby against Washington. 畢竟中國、古巴等一些在人權(quán)委員會(huì)中受到以美國為首批評(píng)的國 家， 總是 投票或游說反對(duì)美國政府。 虛擬語氣用“本應(yīng)當(dāng)??” 3) 主語確定原則 這一目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)，最直接的應(yīng)該是 老百姓 住得更寬敞了，更舒服了。 The citizens will live more spaciously and fortably, benefiting most directly from achieving the goal.（重新確定主語） 其實(shí)，撇開數(shù)學(xué)，繞過那一大堆公式，一門學(xué)科的基本思想還是可以被我們理解和欣賞的。 To be frank, if we leave aside mathematics and bypass the abundant formulas, the basic principles of the discipline (of science) are understandable and appreciable.（增補(bǔ)主語） They cannot control who crosses their borders either physically or culturally. 無論是外人入境，或是文化入侵，政