【正文】 Fellowcountrymen, the founding of the People?s Republic of China is proclaimed. 歸化 (Adaptation) 由于文化上的差異，英譯漢時(shí)有時(shí)直譯原文就會(huì)使譯入語讀者感到費(fèi)解，甚至誤解。 I was also struck by your suggestions. 3) 全國人民所渴望的政治協(xié)商會(huì)議現(xiàn)在開幕了。 4） 形式主語法 “據(jù) ?? ” It is said that… 據(jù)說 ?? It is reported that… 據(jù)報(bào)道 ?? It is calculated that… 據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)?? 不定代詞 “有人”、“大家”、“人們” It is believed that… 有人（我們、人們）相信（認(rèn)為） ?? It is generally considered that… 大家認(rèn)為 ?? It is wellknown… 眾所周知 ?? It is rarely known… 鮮為人知 ?? 主動(dòng)到被動(dòng) 1) 馬路兩旁是整齊的梧桐樹。 3） 主被交換 a) 主語 +謂語 +狀語 結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)句，結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整為： 狀語 +謂語 +賓語（原主語） ， Movies were first made in Hollywood before WWI. 一戰(zhàn)前好萊塢首次制作了電影。 He was described as impressed by Deng?s flexibility. 據(jù)說他 為 鄧 （小平） 的靈活態(tài)度 所 感動(dòng) 2） 省略被動(dòng)詞 （同時(shí)可以作及物、不及物的詞） The risk of global nuclear conflict has been greatly reduced. 全球核沖突的危險(xiǎn)性 已經(jīng)大大 減小了 。我的一生中以那段時(shí)光最為快樂。 The United Nations Organization has not, so far, justified the hopes which the people of the world set on it. 到目前為止，聯(lián)合國辜負(fù)了世界人民寄予的希望。 You can’t be too careful. 你越仔細(xì)越好。 At the news of his father?s death, he remained quiet for several days. 一聽到他父親的死訊，他好幾天一言不發(fā)。 You have roused my curiosity. And now you must gratify it. 你現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)激起我的好奇心了，那現(xiàn)在你別在賣關(guān)子了。 A person who does a regrettable action is often regretful afterwards. 行為不檢點(diǎn)的人，日后往往要后悔。 The coffee is too sweet to bear. 咖啡甜得讓人受不了。這就是我們通常所說的“ 正反譯法 ”。 Our men?s wear 25% You are quite a stranger here. 這里的人不認(rèn)識(shí)你 There used to be a river here two centuries back of this. 兩個(gè)世紀(jì)以前 I’m low IQ, you know. 我很笨 ； low EQ(吃不開 )； low AQ(沉不住氣 ) There is always a place for you at your table. 請你隨時(shí)來吃便飯。 定語和狀語轉(zhuǎn)換 He will give an immediate reply. 他會(huì)立即答復(fù)。 Brussels fell to him on September 3 and Antwerp the next day. 他 于 9 月 3 日攻克了 布魯塞爾 ，次日又拿下了 安特衛(wèi)普 。 Her presence of mind had not pletely deserted her。 １、主語和賓語轉(zhuǎn)換 有靈動(dòng)詞：有生命的主語接 無靈動(dòng)詞：無生命的主語接 American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson. 托馬斯 The visiting guests were escorted to the Yellow Crane Tower last Sunday. 上周日，來訪客和陪同人員一起參觀了黃鶴樓。 4. 動(dòng)詞到名詞 Our proposal was warmly weled by all the representatives. 我們的提議得到了全體代表的熱烈歡迎。 Beyond paradise 3) above / below 超過 / 低于 It?s below the average level. 4) with /without 具有；擁有 /缺乏；沒有 5） from/to 包括；如 the developing countries from China to Brazil 包括中國、巴西在內(nèi)的發(fā)展中國家 如中國、巴西的發(fā)展中國家 from derive from 來源于 free from 脫離 to gift to you 贈(zèng)與；給 6） over 戰(zhàn)勝 The victory of justice over arbitrary acts, of reason over decadence and blindness, of democracy over imperialism, of good over evil. 正義戰(zhàn)勝了專斷行為，理智戰(zhàn)勝了墮落和盲目，民主戰(zhàn)勝了帝國主義，善戰(zhàn)勝了惡。 extension concentration dilution growth boom prosperity 2. 介詞到動(dòng)詞 1) off 脫離； 離開 ； 出去；走了 2） beyond 超過 The book is beyond my understanding. 我根本讀不懂這本書。 3) 加 er 或 or 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞派生詞，不表示身份或職業(yè)，而有較強(qiáng)的動(dòng)作意味。 opinion thought objection refusal declaration declination proposal suggestion hope wish dream dread afraid worry 2)“七感”以及衍生名詞 For millions of immigrants, the Statue of Liberty was their first sight of the promising land. 數(shù)百萬移民一踏上這塊希望的土地，第一眼看到的是自由女神像。 一、詞類轉(zhuǎn)換 1. 名詞到動(dòng)詞 1）表示心理狀態(tài)和觀點(diǎn)表達(dá)的名詞。 In mid1977, world seagoing tonnage amounted to million grt which reflects a rise of % in grt over mid1976, pared with a corresponding increase of 9% from mid1975 to mid1976. 1977 年年中，世界遠(yuǎn)洋船噸位共達(dá) 億注冊總噸，比 1976 年年中注冊總噸增加了 % ，而 1976 年年中比 1975 年年中注冊總噸增加了 9% 。 The problem of alternative fuels of vehicle is one problem we shall approach. 車輛的代用燃料是我們將要著手處理的一個(gè)問題。 I framed the words in my mind, “Pardon me, but have I done something to offend you?” 我心里在嘀咕：“對(duì)不起，我做了什么事冒犯了您？” As it is late, let us go to ，睡吧 代詞省略 —— 抽象代詞、泛指代詞 1） 有些做賓語的代詞 I am going to have it. 我想去吃 2） 泛指的英語人稱代詞做主語 3） 指代抽象名詞的代詞 Ford?s basic wage of $5 a day caused not only a wage explosion in the city, it also caused a population explosion. 4） 物主代詞 5） 形式主語和形式賓語 it 從修飾角度進(jìn)行減省 The hardest part of any big project is to begin. 任何一個(gè)大項(xiàng)目最艱難的是起步。 從語法角度進(jìn)行減省 冠詞 連詞 介詞 代詞 As a frequent moviegoer, I am keeping abreast of the latest development of Hollywood movies. 我是電影院里的?？停〞院萌R塢電影最新動(dòng)態(tài)。 Mary was ready to go, but first she wanted her book to be in print. 瑪麗準(zhǔn)備走了，但先要目睹她那本書出版后才瞑目。 We left so much in Vietnam—— so much innocence, so many dreams, so many good men and women. 我們在越南失去的東西太多了 —— 失去許許多多無辜的生命，失去許許 多多美夢，失去許許多多善良的男男女女。 John?s lightheartedness, however, did not last long. 然而，約翰這種輕松愉悅的心情沒有 持續(xù)很久。 humbleness 謙虛作風(fēng) We all look down upon his humbleness. 我們都看不起他這種賤相 （卑微的態(tài)度） 。 ing 做法；行為 All the people were exasperated by his faultfinding. 大家都被他那種吹毛求疵的做法激怒了。 erosion of steel 鋼的腐蝕（作用） Many changes take place during the transformation. 在轉(zhuǎn)化過程中出現(xiàn)了許多變化。 具體譯法 所謂 具體譯法 ，就是 在翻譯過程中把原文中抽象或比較抽象的單詞、詞組、成語或句子用具體或比較具體的單詞、詞組、成語或句子來進(jìn)行翻譯，從而消除或降低語言差別給翻譯帶來的損失，使譯文產(chǎn)生與原文同樣的效果 。 French managers are Napoleonic and their management style is imperial. 法國經(jīng)理人是拿破侖式（內(nèi)松外緊） 的人物 ，有著帝王般的管理風(fēng)格。 She warmly weled her guests in and brought them a cup of tea. 她熱情地將客人們迎了進(jìn)來，然后給他們 各 端上一杯茶。 The slogan “Press on” has solved and always will solve the problems of the human race. “堅(jiān)持下去”的口號(hào)已經(jīng)解決并將繼續(xù)解決人類的 各種 問題。 I have had the joy of two beautiful and wonderful wives, the happiness of parenthood and the love of eight children. 我有幸 （先后） 獲得兩位美麗賢惠的妻子帶來的幸福，體驗(yàn)過為人之父的樂趣和八個(gè)子女的 愛。 She would spend hours dressing herself in fine clothes, and brushing her black hair. Then she would stand by the mirror and admire herself. 她 （總是） 要花好幾個(gè)小時(shí)為自己盛裝打扮，梳理她烏黑的頭發(fā)。 The research work is being done by a small group of dedicated and imaginative scientists