【正文】 is rarely known… 鮮為人知 ?? 主動到被動 1) 馬路兩旁是整齊的梧桐樹。 Fellowcountrymen, the founding of the People?s Republic of China is proclaimed. 歸化 (Adaptation) 由于文化上的差異，英譯漢時有時直譯原文就會使譯入語讀者感到費解，甚至誤解。 if he loses on the swings, he may win on the roundabouts. 他也許總是保持著彌補一切的優(yōu)點， 失之東隅 的，他可以 收之桑榆 。 切分 (Division) 所謂 切分 就是指 根據漢語 的句法特點，把英語的句子分解成兩個或兩個以上的單位，以求譯文在正確傳達原文的思想內容的前提上明白曉暢 。 3) Aunt Julia vainly asked each of her neighbours in turn to tell her what Gabriel had said. 朱莉亞姨媽接連向坐在旁邊的人打聽加布里埃爾剛才說了些什么， 卻沒有問出個所以然來 。 2) Built in 1192, the bridge is over 700 hundred years old. 這座橋是 1192 年修建的，至今已經有 700 多年的歷史了。 1) His wealth enables him to do everything. 他有錢，什么事都能干。 英語：語法性語言，重點研究主謂、序列及其相關詞類，句子結構受形式邏輯制約，注重形式嚴謹，其句法特征是：主語突出，易于識別，只能由名詞或名詞性的詞語擔當，謂語絕對受主語支配，在人稱和數上面必須與主語保持一致，有時態(tài)、語態(tài)和語氣的變化，句與句之間都與明示邏輯關系的連接詞相連，英語依法 構 句，形式完整而嚴密。 Great changes have taken place in China. China has witnessed tremendous changes. 2) 一九六四年十月 中國 爆炸了第一顆原子彈，使世界大為震驚。 Silence, silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence! 起大風了。 a. The development of our relations has made us not only close friends but also brothers. b. Our relations have so grown that bind us not only as close friends but also as brothers. 3) 他心直口快，總是愿意和任何人交朋友，所以很快就贏得了大家的信任。 a. The building is not well built. b. The quality of the building is poor. 天有不測風云，人有旦夕禍福。 On the Dragon Boat Festival, people eat zongzi. 上海近幾年發(fā)生的巨大變化贏得了全世界人民的贊嘆。 a. Even now, this remains fresh in my memory. b. Even now, I still often think about it. 4) 世紀之交，中國外交 空前活躍 。 a. They gradually calmed down, restored selfconfidence. b. Gradually, they calmed down and regained selfconfidence. 9) 封建社會代替奴隸社會，資本主義代替封建主義，社會主義經歷一個過程發(fā)展后必然代替資本主義。 The White Snake, one of the most popular traditional Peking operas, is based on a story handed down from the Ming Dynasty. 意大利著名旅游家馬可 Crossing the threshold, I was taken aback by the mess in the house. 四川被稱為“天府之國”。 The beauty of the West Lake in Hangzhou was what impressed Marco Polo most during his trip to China. 狀語位置的調整 漢語狀語的位置一般在主語和謂語之間，呈“ 主語→狀語→謂語→賓語 ”模式；英語狀語一般出現在賓語后的句尾，呈“ 主語→謂語→賓語→狀語 ”模式。 He watches TV every evening. 4) 在機器中 很多能量是 由于部件之間的摩擦 而損失的。 大會將于①今年九月②在北京③隆重開幕。 The office on the fortieth floor of a skyscraper in the center of New York City is the world he works in. 定語位置的調整 浩瀚的 大海 The vast sea 古老的中原 文化 The timehonored Central Plain culture 舉世聞名的 萬里長城 The worldfamous Great Wall 一九四九年解放以前，中國人民曾經遭受① 世界罕見的 ② 惡性通貨膨脹的 災禍。 The Chinese people have always been cherishing freedom and peace. The Chinese people always cherish freedom and peace. The Chinese people are always cherishing freedom and peace. 中國過去是、現在是、將來是 …… China was, remains to be 中國人民 更 深感自由與和平的珍貴。 To be frank, if we leave aside mathematics and bypass the abundant formulas, the basic principles of the discipline (of science) are understandable and appreciable.（增補主語） They cannot control who crosses their borders either physically or culturally. 無論是外人入境，或是文化入侵，政府都已無。 虛擬語氣用“本應當??” 3) 主語確定原則 這一目標的實現，最直接的應該是 老百姓 住得更寬敞了，更舒服了。 ③ the bestpreserved ② magnificent ancient architectural plexes① in China 第五章 翻譯十大原則 1) 動賓連接原則： 翻譯動賓短語時，先考慮賓語的成分 中國人民始終 希望 天下太平， 希望 各國人 民友好相處。 He reads hard in the library every evening. 他①一九三五年②八月③二十二日④早晨⑤六點三十分誕生在⑴湖南的⑵一個小縣城。 They observed the chemical reaction with great care. They observed with great care the chemical reaction. 6) 他們 肩并肩地以瘋狂速度向那座石塔 奔去。 We are going to start at nine tomorrow morning. 2) 這本書是 三天前 買的。 A man was sitting on a couch. 馬可” The famous Italian traveler Marco Polo was so impressed by the beauty of Hangzhou that he described it as “the most fascinating city in the world, where one feels as if he was in paradise.” 英雄造時勢，時勢造英雄。 a. If agriculture is in good shape and the peasants selfsupporting, then the 500 million people will feel secure. b. If agriculture is in good shape and the peasants are selfsupporting, then the 500 million people will feel secure. 2) 關于如何改進市民的居住條件問題市政府給予了充分重視。 a. When they talk to press, the Shanghai citizens use more and more adjectives of the superlative degree. b. You can hear Shanghai people using more and more adjectives of the superlative degree when they talk to the press. 6) 我又閑了一個多月了啦！ a. I’ve been idle for another month now. b. Another month now and I’ve had no work. 7) （頤和園） 1900 年遭八國聯軍破壞。 a. The Central Government has refrained from intervening in the affairs of the HKSAR. b. The Central Government has never intervened in the affairs of the HKSAR. 2) 中國的經濟將 融入 世界經濟的大潮。 It?s utterly absurd. 只有冷靜才能成功。 a. A strong, prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any countries. b. The strength, prosperity and development of China will pose no threat to any countries. 5) 輕紡工業(yè)產品的花色品種增多，質量繼續(xù)有所提高。 You realize your ideals through labor and you guide your labor by ideals. 1) 中國社會主義建設的航船將乘風破浪的駛向現代化的光輝彼岸。 a. We?ve got another flat tire. b. Our tire is flat again. 4) 人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。 主語的確定 原文主語作主語： 場合有限 重新確定主語 （比較翻譯） 1) 世紀之交， 中國 外交空前活 躍。 合并 (Combination) 主要是中譯英 First Enron was a pany. Then it was a scandal. Now it is a transitive verb. “安然”起初是一家公司的名字，然后成了一樁丑聞的代名詞，現在又用作一個及物動詞。 那兒有十幾家民族 餐館 ，熱鬧得如同第二個唐人街。 ? 短語分譯 短語分譯 是指 把原文中的一個短語分譯成一個句子 。 目的： 句法上的需要 修辭上的需要 1) At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middleground reply. 現在，人們都傾向于采取不偏不倚的態(tài)度來回答問題， 因為它安全，不招風險 。 9) All you can do is to burn your boats and fight them in the hope that one day they?ll e out on top. 你只有 破釜沉舟 跟他們拚，或許有朝一日會出頭的。 常用于翻譯成語、典故、形象詞等文化色彩較濃的表達方式 1) have a wolf by the ears 騎虎難下 2) to be cut at elbows 捉襟見肘 3) at sword?s points 強烈分歧 4) Give