【正文】 事Supported by foundation grants and government contracts, they are a major source of the new ideas that are discussed in the policy formation groups.（1）they指代“專(zhuān)家”注意：“政府協(xié)議”指為科研人員、科研機(jī)構(gòu)提供經(jīng)費(fèi)的協(xié)議（二）漢譯英家長(zhǎng)會(huì)完全符合“廉政建設(shè)”的要求，與會(huì)的家長(zhǎng)絕不會(huì)像參加行業(yè)、單位的一些會(huì)議，先看看會(huì)議地點(diǎn)是不是設(shè)在風(fēng)景旅游區(qū)，會(huì)后發(fā)不發(fā)紀(jì)念品之類(lèi)，然后方?jīng)Q定是否參加。（1）斷句，分成兩句翻譯（2）“廉政建設(shè)”：building an honest and clean government如果不會(huì)翻譯，可以考慮正反翻譯法（3）“完全符合”in line with（4）“家長(zhǎng)會(huì)”the parents’ meeting PTA：ParentTeacher Association（5）第二句翻譯時(shí)注意句序調(diào)整：“與會(huì)的家長(zhǎng)在決定是否參加之前，……”（6）紀(jì)念品：gifts（7）行業(yè)：industry其他會(huì)議都難得準(zhǔn)時(shí)，惟有家長(zhǎng)會(huì)絕對(duì)正點(diǎn)召開(kāi)。（1）“準(zhǔn)時(shí)”與“正點(diǎn)”意思相近，翻譯時(shí)不要重復(fù)，如：on time；punctual，翻譯時(shí)，可以考慮正反翻譯法，入：never delay在家長(zhǎng)會(huì)上，家長(zhǎng)們個(gè)個(gè)全神貫注地傾聽(tīng)、記錄，生怕漏掉一點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。（1）記錄：take notes（2）全神貫注地: attentively（3）for fear that 生怕（4）漏掉：miss不少會(huì)議都可列入可開(kāi)可不開(kāi)之列，但對(duì)于學(xué)校和家長(zhǎng)而言，家長(zhǎng)會(huì)則是必不可少的。（1）必不可少：necessary或 indispensable注意：（1）句子結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整 （2）正反翻譯轉(zhuǎn)化六、2002年9月份真題（一）英譯漢If the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) thinks it can largely curtail the nation’s terrorism problems by focusing on college students, we all should worry. （1）INS 移民歸化局（2）小知識(shí)：1882年美國(guó)通過(guò)排華法案。長(zhǎng)達(dá)61年，美國(guó)大門(mén)向中國(guó)關(guān)閉。Identification cards already are required here for most persons to enter their workplace, take an airplane flight or go into a public building, including my campus library. The idea of a national ID, however, was knocked out of earlier drafts of legislation by a coalition of civil rights and ethnic groups, who opposed a requirement that all non citizens carry identifying documents. In some degree, they have a point.（1）Identification cards:內(nèi)涵上身份證并不等同與任何可以表明你身份的證件，在美國(guó)有兩個(gè)：passport 和 driver license（二）漢譯英這一目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)，最直接的應(yīng)該是老百姓住得更寬敞、更舒適了。（1）嚴(yán)格意義上說(shuō)病句，應(yīng)在“最直接的”后＋“體現(xiàn)”“體現(xiàn)”：reflect；show（2）實(shí)現(xiàn)：achievement（3）老百姓：the public屆時(shí)，上海人均住房面積將會(huì)大幅增加。除此之外，老百姓的服務(wù)性消費(fèi)，如教育、信息、旅游等消費(fèi)也會(huì)大量增長(zhǎng)。（1）大幅、大量：greatly； by a large margin 增加、增長(zhǎng)：increase，grow，go up七、2003年3月份真題（一）英譯漢The inevitable collapse of America’s speculative boom would not have been especially damaging if the world’s other advanced economies were healthy.(1) The inevitable collapse of America’s speculative boom是主語(yǔ)，單獨(dú)成一句Deflation could emerge from simultaneous slumps in the world’s three major economies.（1）條件狀語(yǔ)從句： （2）詞性轉(zhuǎn)化：slumps轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞，“如果世界上三大經(jīng)濟(jì)體同時(shí)出現(xiàn)衰退，就……”P(pán)rice drop because there’s too little global demand chasing too much global supplyeverything from steel to shoes.（1）詞性轉(zhuǎn)化：global轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞，“價(jià)格之所以下降是因?yàn)槿蚍秶鷥?nèi)需求太少，供給太多……”（2）everything from steel to shoes：從鋼鐵到鞋子莫不如此（二）漢譯英中國(guó)已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為一個(gè)全球極富吸引力的大市場(chǎng)。（1）發(fā)展；evolve, grow, develop（2）全球：global西部大開(kāi)發(fā)一定能成為溝通世界各國(guó)和中國(guó)的一座橋梁，促進(jìn)中國(guó)和世界經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展，共同繁榮。（1）一定能成為：evolve into或grow into（2）世界各國(guó)和中國(guó)：China and the rest of the world八、2003年9月份真題（一）英譯漢The professor’s project budget is the initial economic base that supports his independence within the university.（1）教授的課題預(yù)算是其在高校里賴(lài)以保持獨(dú)立的首要經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)。The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of university, which takes a percentage “overhead” out of every project budget.（1）課題預(yù)算使得研究生得以存在，并且解決了高校的資金償還能力，因?yàn)楦咝拿宽?xiàng)課題預(yù)算中抽取一定百分比的經(jīng)費(fèi)。The major feature of project money, whether its source is government or business, is that it is given on a contractual basis, a different contract for each project, so that the investigator’s in dependence rests upon his capacity to secure a succession of contracts.（1）錢(qián)都是以合同為基礎(chǔ)，investigator就是professor的變體（2）secure是動(dòng)詞（3）課題經(jīng)費(fèi)不管來(lái)自政府還是商界，其特征都是以合同為基礎(chǔ)，每項(xiàng)課題都有不同的協(xié)議，因此教授的獨(dú)立性就取決于他是否有能力獲得 一系列的協(xié)議。（二）漢譯英經(jīng)過(guò)20多年的快速發(fā)展，中國(guó)西部地區(qū)已奠定了一定的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)，社會(huì)保持穩(wěn)定，市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制正在逐步建立和完善，為西部經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)快速增長(zhǎng)創(chuàng)造了有利的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境。（1）20多年：twentyoddr years（2）經(jīng)過(guò)：following, after, in a wake of（3）奠定：establish（4）社會(huì)保持穩(wěn)定：maintained the social stability 市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制正在逐步建立和完善: gradual establishment and improvement of the market economic system九、2004年3月份真題（一）英譯漢Today, dozens of colleges and universities are abandoning the Department of Education’s directloan plan, lured by the promise of a quick buck from banks, state lending agencies, and most significantly ,Sallie Mae, the giant private lender based in Reston, Virginia.（1）lured by……是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾dozens of colleges and universities，建議“the promise of a quick buck from banks, state lending agencies, and most significantly ,Sallie Mae, the giant private lender based in Reston, Virginia”單獨(dú)成一句，后加“受此誘惑”，再翻譯主句。（2）Virginia：英國(guó)最早殖民地，紀(jì)念1603年去世的伊麗莎白一世（二）漢譯英在對(duì)外關(guān)系中，我們一貫主張以鄰為伴、與人為善，同各國(guó)發(fā)展友好合作關(guān)系。（1）鄰、人：neighbor country（2）主張：in favor of（3）Relations:表示友誼、敵意的關(guān)系 Relationship:表示固有的，對(duì)雙方關(guān)系的界定中國(guó)現(xiàn)在是、今后相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)仍將是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家。（1）今后相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間：for long time to e 或far into the future 中國(guó)有13億人口，這是最大的國(guó)情。（1）“這是……”which is中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值已居全球第六位，但人均水平卻排在138位。（1）居、排：rank，避免重復(fù)，“居”翻譯為earn我們還面臨不容忽視的失業(yè)、貧窮和發(fā)展不平衡等問(wèn)題。（1）問(wèn)題：issue；失業(yè)：unemployment，貧困：poverty 發(fā)展不平衡：unbalanced development（2）不容忽視： deny ignorance15