【正文】 ided into the earth cave dwelling, brick cave dwelling ________ stone dwelling. For centuries, they have been regarded ________the symbol of the peasants in northern part of Shaanxi Province. The beauty about the cave dwelling is ________they help maintain local geography and save on farmlands by ________ (make) use of space that would have been otherwise left unused. They are warm in winter and cool in summer. The temperature inside is usually 13 degrees Celsius higher than in the open in winter and 10 degrees Celsius ________ (low) in summer. Statistics show that 40 million people live in cave dwellings that are scattered over an area of 600,000 square kilometers in ________ middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River.【答案】 dug；are piled；which；variety；and；as；that；making；lower；the 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了延安窯洞的地理位置、建筑風(fēng)格及給當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裆顜?lái)的益處。 （1）考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：這是一種頗具特點(diǎn)在山里挖出的洞屋，用作西北黃土高原農(nóng)民工的棲息之地。house與dig之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，使用過(guò)去分詞dug。故填dug。 （2）考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：厚石板堆積形成入口處的半圓，入口處裝飾著漂亮的木頭和各式各樣的金屬窗戶。通過(guò)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主句為“Stoneslabs (厚板)________(pile) up to form a semicircle at the entrance”，主句中存在不定式to form，stonelabs與pile之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且stonelabs為復(fù)數(shù)，因此橫線上需填入被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式are piled。故填are piled。 （3）考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：厚石板堆積形成入口處的半圓，入口處裝飾著漂亮的木頭和各式各樣的金屬窗戶。此句為定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為橫線前的一句話，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)填入關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。 （4）考查名詞。句意：入口處裝飾著漂亮的木頭和各式各樣的金屬窗戶。a variety of固定短語(yǔ)，“各種各樣的”，故填variety。 （5）考查連詞。句意：窯洞的類型分為土溶洞、磚溶洞和石溶洞。stone dwelling與earth cave dwelling , brick cave dwelling互為并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用并列連詞and。故填and。 （6）考查介詞。句意：幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，它們一直被視為陜西省北部農(nóng)民的象征。be regarded as動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，“被視為”，故填as。 （7）考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意：窯洞之美在于它們有助于保持當(dāng)?shù)氐牡乩砬闆r。通過(guò)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此句為表語(yǔ)從句，且從句中不缺少任何成分應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)。故填that。 （8）考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：通過(guò)利用原本閑置的空間來(lái)節(jié)約耕地。介詞by后接名詞，題中所給詞性為動(dòng)詞make，因此需使用make的動(dòng)名詞形式making。故填making。 （9）考查形容詞。句意：室內(nèi)溫度通常比冬天室外高13攝氏度，比夏天室外低10攝氏度。通過(guò)語(yǔ)境翻譯可知，橫線處意為“比…低”，使用low的比較級(jí)lower。故填lower。 （10）考查冠詞。句意：據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，黃河中上游地區(qū)約有4000萬(wàn)人居住在窯洞中，窯洞面積約60萬(wàn)平方公里分布于黃河中上游地區(qū)。“in ________ middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River.”作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，表示特指中上游地帶，應(yīng)使用定冠詞，故填the。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)，定語(yǔ)從句，名詞，連詞，介詞，表語(yǔ)從句，形容詞以及冠詞等多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，并結(jié)合相關(guān)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，進(jìn)行分析推理，從而寫出正確的單詞形式。 12．閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 The giant panda, also ________ (know)as panda bear or simply panda, is a bear native ________south central China. In the past many years, the giant panda ________ (drive)out of the lowland areas where it once lived as a result of farming, deforestation and other ________ (develop). Wild population estimates vary: one estimate shows that there are about 1, 590 individuals ________(1ive)in the wild, while a 2006 study estimated that this figure could be as high as 2,000 to 3,000. Some reports also show that ________ number of giant pandas in the wild is on the rise. The West first learned of the giant panda on March 11, 1869, ________ the French missionary(傳教士)Armand David received a panda skin from a hunter. In 1936, Ruth Harkness became the first Westerner ________ (bring)a live giant panda named Su Lin to the Brookfield Zoo in Chicago. To protect the pandas, in 2012, Earthwatch Institute, a global nonprofit that teams volunteers with scientists to conduct important ________ (science)research, launched a program called“On the Trail of Giant Panda. This program, based in the Wolong National Nature Reserve, allows volunteers to work up close with pandas cared for in captivity (圈養(yǎng)), and help them ________ (gradual)adapt to life in the wild.【答案】 known；to；has been driven；development；living；the；when；to bring；scientific；gradually 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了中國(guó)南方的大熊貓是如何成為可供人類飼養(yǎng)的動(dòng)物的。 （1）考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：大熊貓或被稱為熊貓是中國(guó)南方本土動(dòng)物。本句is是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞之間沒(méi)有連詞，得知稱作是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，與熊貓是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。用過(guò)去分詞。故填known 。 （2）考查介詞。句意：大熊貓或被稱為熊貓是中國(guó)南方本土動(dòng)物。native to，固定短語(yǔ)，“本土的”，故填to 。 （3）考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：在過(guò)去幾年，大熊貓被驅(qū)逐出低地，那是由于農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展，森林破壞和其他發(fā)展，熊貓?jiān)?jīng)居住的地方。In the past many years，提示用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，the giant panda 和驅(qū)逐是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 故填has been driven。 （4）考查名詞。句意：在過(guò)去幾年，大熊貓被驅(qū)逐出低地，那是由于農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展，森林破壞和其他發(fā)展，熊貓?jiān)?jīng)居住的地方。other修飾名詞。故填development 。 （5）考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：估計(jì)顯示大約1590種動(dòng)物住在野外。本句已經(jīng)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be，動(dòng)詞之間沒(méi)有連詞，因此用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，individuals和居住是表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填living。 （6）考查冠詞。句意：一些報(bào)道表明野外大熊貓數(shù)量在上漲。the number of固定短語(yǔ)，“...…的數(shù)量”。故填the。 （7）考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：西方人第一次了解大熊貓是在1869年3月11日，當(dāng)時(shí)法國(guó)傳教士大衛(wèi)收到一個(gè)獵人的熊貓皮。先行詞是1869年，在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。故填when。 （8）考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：1936年，Ruth成為第一個(gè)給芝加哥動(dòng)物園帶回活的大熊貓。序數(shù)詞后面用不定式作定語(yǔ)。故填to bring 。 （9）考查形容詞。句意：為了保護(hù)大熊貓，一個(gè)全球非盈利組織帶領(lǐng)志愿者來(lái)做重要的科學(xué)研究。形容詞修飾名詞。故填scientific。 （10）考查副詞。句意：幫助大熊貓逐漸適應(yīng)野外生活。副詞修飾動(dòng)詞。故填gradually。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，介詞，時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)，名詞，冠詞，定語(yǔ)從句，形容詞以及副詞等多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查，要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，并結(jié)合相關(guān)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，進(jìn)行分析推理，從而寫出正確的單詞形式。13．閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Although the Obamas and Prince Harry have a famously close relationship, the former first couple might not be invited to the uping royal wedding and if they don39。t, Donald Trump will likely be ________(blame). Government officials in the . are reportedly encouraging Harry not to invite the Obamas for fear ________ offending current president Donald Trump (who is unlikely ________(receive) an invitation of his own). It remains ________(see) whether Harry and Meghan Markle will take the advice of government officials, however. According to The Sun, the couple have made __5________ clear that they would like to invite the Obamas to their wedding on May 19. While Trump was ________(original) scheduled to make an official state visit to the United Kingdom in 2017, the trip was postponed until July of 2018 and has since been downgraded to a working trip, during ________ Trump will not meet the Queen. Of course, ________(be) the president of the United States is no guarantee of a royal wedding ________ (invite). In 2011, Obama didn39。t receive any card to William and Kate39。s wedding, (which was considered a state event, while Harry and Meghan39。s wedding will not be) , even ________ he was the sitting president at the time.【答案】 to blame；of；to receive；to be seen；it；originally；which；being；invitation；though/if 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，奧巴馬和哈里王子是出了名的好朋友，但是明年哈里王子的婚禮可能不會(huì)邀請(qǐng)奧巴馬夫婦。要是奧巴馬夫婦真的去不了婚禮，竟然是英國(guó)政府眾多官員擔(dān)心會(huì)觸怒美國(guó)現(xiàn)任總統(tǒng)特朗普。 （1）考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：要是奧巴馬夫婦真的去不了婚禮，都要怪特朗普。be to blame固定短