【正文】 （10）考查固定搭配。句意：一組是由皇家宮廷訓(xùn)練和表演的，另一組是以蹴鞠為生的有才華的平民運動員。make a living，固定短語，“以......為生”。故填living。 【點評】本題考點涉及形容詞，時態(tài)語態(tài)，名詞，介詞，定語從句，強調(diào)句，副詞以及固定搭配等多個知識點的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，并結(jié)合相關(guān)語法知識，進行分析推理，從而寫出正確的單詞形式。11．閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Chinese highspeed railways are a very fortable way to travel. They are clean, quiet and________(efficiency). China ________ (lead) other developing countries and even some developed ones in this field since the first highspeed train came into use in 2008. The stations are ________ (main) built outside the town center, but local transport has been lengthened ________ (connect) the highspeed network. The ________ (facility) on the train are new and the staff are well trained. Even the second class chairs provide plenty of space. The passages are wide and you can move easily, not ________ (disturb) anyone. You can use your mobile phone or work on your laptop, having access ________ the Internet. There is also a restaurant car, though the kinds of food ________ (be) limited. The toilets arc large, clean and userfriendly too. The train almost doesn39。t rock. Even when the train brakes, you can hardly feel it shake. What39。s more, with a faster checkin, the highspeed trains are also ________ (little) affected by weather than planes. Seldom are ________delayed or cancelled for weather condition. Therefore, they have bee the first choice for many passengers.【答案】 efficient；has led；mainly；to connect；facilities；disturbing；to；are；less；they 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一種非常舒適的旅行方式——高速鐵路。 （1）考查形容詞。句意：它們干凈的、安靜的并且高效的。and是并列連詞，前面的clean, quiet都是形容詞，應(yīng)用efficiency的形容詞形式，故填efficient。 （2）考查時態(tài)。句意：自2008年第一列高速列車投入使用以來，中國在這一領(lǐng)域領(lǐng)先于其他發(fā)展中國家，甚至一些發(fā)達(dá)國家。since“自從”，常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用；lead 是不規(guī)則動詞，過去式led,過去分詞led。故填has led。 （3）考查副詞。句意：這些車站主要建在城鎮(zhèn)中心以外。修飾過去分詞built用副詞,故填 mainly 。 （4）考查非謂語動詞。句意：但當(dāng)?shù)氐慕煌ㄒ呀?jīng)延長，以連接高速鐵路網(wǎng)絡(luò)。此處用不定式作目的狀語， 故填to connect。 （5）考查名詞。句意：高鐵上的設(shè)施很新，工作人員受過良好的培訓(xùn)。所填空在句子中作主語，根據(jù)謂語動詞are 可知,主語應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填 facilities。 （6）考查非謂語動詞。句意：通道很寬，你可以輕松地走動，而不會打擾任何人。句子的謂語動詞是can move，故此處用非謂語動詞作狀語，disturb與邏輯主語you是主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語。故填disturbing 。 （7）考查介詞。句意：你可以使用手機或在筆記本電腦上工作，可以訪問互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。have access to固定短語，“有使用/進入….的權(quán)利/機會”。故填to。 （8）考查主謂一致。句意：還有一節(jié)餐車，盡管食物種類有限。句子主語的中心詞是the kinds, 謂語動詞應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填 are。 （9）考查副詞。句意：高鐵也比飛機更少地受到天氣的影響。根據(jù)后面的than可知little 應(yīng)該用比較級，little的比較級是less，最高級是least，故填less。 （10）考查代詞。句意：他們很少被推遲或因天氣原因被取消。否定副詞seldom置于句首，句子應(yīng)該用部分倒裝，將助動詞are提前, 所填空為句子的主語, 根據(jù)下一句they have bee the first choice可知應(yīng)填they指代上一句出現(xiàn)的the highspeed trains。故填they。 【點評】本題考點涉及形容詞，時態(tài)，副詞，非謂語動詞，名詞，介詞，主謂一致，代詞等多個知識點的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，并結(jié)合相關(guān)語法知識，進行分析推理，從而寫出正確的單詞形式。 12．閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個單詞或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Chopsticks, or kuaizi in Chinese, ________ (be) a pair of small equal length sticks, usually made of wood, ________( use) for eating Asian food It is believed the first chopsticks ________ (develop) over 5,000 years ago in China. The ________(early) evidence of a pair of chopsticks made out of bronze was excavated (出土) from the Ruins of Yin near Anyang, Henan province，dating back to roughly 1,200 BC. Chopsticks play, ________important role in Chinese food culture. Chinese chopsticks are usually 9 to 10 inches long and rectangular with a blunt (鈍的) end. They are round on the eating end ________symbolizes heaven, and the other end is square which symbolizes earth. This is because________(maintain) an adequate food supply is the greatest concern between heaven and earth. There is an old Chinese custom making chopsticks part of a girl39。s dowry, since the ________(pronounce) of kuaizi is similar to the words for quick and son.Chopsticks are ________(frequent) used in daily life. They have bee more than a kind of tableware and have established a set of etiquette (禮儀) and customs ________their own.【答案】 are；used；were developed；earliest；an；that／which；maintaining；pronunciation；frequently；of 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，講述了筷子在我國的歷史、作用和文化意義。 （1）考查時態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是句子謂語動詞，根據(jù)下文的is判斷為一般現(xiàn)在時，主語chopsticks是復(fù)數(shù)，故填are。 （2）考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是非謂語動詞作后置定語，use和邏輯主語sticks之間是動賓關(guān)系，故用去過分詞，填used。 （3）考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是主語從句的謂語動詞，根據(jù)over 5,000 years ago判斷為一般過去時，主語chopsticks和develop之間是被動關(guān)系，故用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，主語chopsticks是復(fù)數(shù)，故填were developed。 （4）考查形容詞。此處應(yīng)填形容詞作定語修飾名詞evidence，結(jié)合句意可知此處意為“最早的證據(jù)”故用最高級，故填earliest。 （5）考查冠詞。play a role in固定短語，“在……中起作用”，又important是元音音素開頭，故填an。 （6）考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是限定性定語從句關(guān)系詞，先行詞they(指物)在從句__6___symbolizes heaven中充當(dāng)主語，故用關(guān)系代詞，填that/which。 （7）考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)填maintain的動名詞形式作為表語從句的主語，故填maintaining。 （8）考查名詞。此處應(yīng)填名詞作為原因狀語從句的主語，結(jié)合上下文可知此處意為“筷子的發(fā)音”，“發(fā)音”是pronunciation，故填pronunciation。 （9）考查副詞，此處應(yīng)填副詞修飾動詞are used，故填frequently。 （10）考查介詞。of one39。s own固定短語，“某人自己的”，故填of。 【點評】本題考點涉及時態(tài)，非謂語動詞，時態(tài)語態(tài)，形容詞，冠詞，定語從句，非謂語動詞，名詞，副詞以及介詞等多個知識點的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，并結(jié)合相關(guān)語法知識，進行分析推理，從而寫出正確的單詞形式。13．閱讀短文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Since Brad Ryan began to take grandma Joy on trips to the breathtaking landscapes of America, they ________ (go) through dozens of crosscountry adventures. In 2015, Brad Ryan visited his 85yearold grandma ________ (live) a simple life on her own, and then he hoped that spending some quality family time with her would help to lift her spirits. When he told ________ (story) of his travels to his grandma, she regretted not seeing more of the world. Then Ryan invited his grandma ________ (hike) with him, and she accepted his idea ________ (cheerful). From then on, the pair travelled to 29 National Parks in total, and had many adventures along the way, ________ has even affected his way of life. Life for her now is a lot ________ (rich). It was the look in her eyes that impressed me a lot. Ryan said, I love my grandma. She has taught me how to live, I39。ve learned to slow down and see the world in ________ different way. There are so many viewpoints and knowledge we can gain ________ our elders. Even if some day she does pass away, I can go back to these places to feel her spirit and feel ________ (connect) to her.【答案】 have gone；living