【正文】 selection area. A unique alphanumeric code that subdivides a product into more specific categories. For example, a pen product can be subdivided by color, each color having its own SKU code. A catalog item cannot be sold without an SKU code. 一個唯一的用于產(chǎn)品細分的編碼。例如一種筆可以按顏色細分，那么每一種顏色的筆擁有自己的SKU 編碼。再比如一種襯衫有10 種顏色和2 種尺碼，那么它就有20 個SKU。也就是說一個UPC 碼下可能有若干SKU 編碼，SKU 編碼用于貨品的庫存控制。 Storage and Replenishment 存儲和補貨A basic operation of the grocery distribution center in which merchandise is moved to assigned storage or reserve locations until needed to replenish the selection line 配送中心的一項基本操作，貨物被移動到指定的存儲取或后備區(qū)直到需要補充到活動揀貨區(qū) Storing 儲存（GB/T183542001）保護、管理、貯藏物品。 Storage 保管（GB/T183542001）對物品進行保存及對其數(shù)量、質(zhì)量進行管理控制的活動。 Straight Load 直接裝載Merchandise delivered to retail stores in trucks carrying only one product group, or a whole trailer carrying different products for one customer 送往零售分店的貨物只包含一個產(chǎn)品組或一個整車包含給一個客戶的不同貨品 Supplier(Vendor) 供應(yīng)商Any person or pany who sells goods of any nature to a store. This term can refer to a wholesaler, jobber, wholesale agent, or manufacturer 任何向商店供貨的人或公司。供應(yīng)商通常指批發(fā)商、批發(fā)代理或制造商 Supply Chain 供應(yīng)鏈enpasses every effort involved in producing and delivering a final product or service, from the supplier39。s supplier to the customer39。s customer. Supply Chain Management includes managing supply and demand, sourcing raw materials and parts, manufacturing and assembly, warehousing and inventory tracking, order entry and order management, distribution across all channels, and delivery to the customer.( Definition of Supply Chain Council ) 供應(yīng)鏈覆蓋了涉及生產(chǎn)與交付最終產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的一切活動，從供應(yīng)商的供應(yīng)商到客戶的客戶。供應(yīng)鏈管理包括管理供應(yīng)與需求、原材料及零部件的采購、制造與裝配，倉儲及庫存跟蹤、定單的錄入與管理、渠道分銷及最終交付用戶（供應(yīng)鏈協(xié)會的定義）生產(chǎn)及流通過程中，涉及將產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)提供給最終用戶活動的上游與下游企業(yè)，所形成的網(wǎng)鏈結(jié)構(gòu)。（GB/T183542001）供應(yīng)鏈是圍繞核心企業(yè)，通過對信息流、貨物流、資金流的控制，從采購原材料開始，制成中間產(chǎn)品以及最終產(chǎn)品，最后由銷售網(wǎng)絡(luò)把產(chǎn)品送到消費者手中的將供應(yīng)商、制造商、分銷商、零售商、直到最終用戶連成一個整體的功能網(wǎng)絡(luò)鏈結(jié)構(gòu)模式（馬士華教授在《供應(yīng)鏈管理》一書中的定義） SCE(Supply Chain Execution) 供應(yīng)鏈執(zhí)行A subset of supply chain management, this is a framework of executionoriented applications that enables the efficient procurement and supply of goods, services and information across enterprise boundaries to meet customerspecific demand. In its broadest sense, SCE includes the manufacturing execution system (MES), warehouse management system and other execution systems within the enterprise, as well as throughout the supply chain. The logisticsoriented elements of SCE include the transportation management system, warehouse management system, international trade systems (ITSs), realtime decision support systems (., dynamic routing and dynamic sourcing systems), and supply chain inventory visibility systems. 供應(yīng)鏈管理的一個子集，通過一個面向執(zhí)行的應(yīng)用框架使得可以進行有效率的采購、貨品供應(yīng)、跨企業(yè)的信息和服務(wù)，以滿足客戶的需求。廣義上的，SCE 包括了制造執(zhí)行系統(tǒng)、倉庫管理系統(tǒng)和企業(yè)內(nèi)部以及跨供應(yīng)鏈的其它執(zhí)行系統(tǒng)，狹義上面向物流的SCE 包括了運輸管理系統(tǒng)、倉庫管理系統(tǒng)、國際貿(mào)易系統(tǒng)、實時決策支持系統(tǒng)（如動態(tài)路徑規(guī)劃）、供應(yīng)鏈庫存透明化 Suply Chain Inventory Visibility 供應(yīng)鏈庫存透明化Applications that allow enterprises to monitor and manage events across the supply chain to plan their activities more effectively and preempt problems. SCIV systems enable enterprises not only to track and trace inventory globally on a lineitem level, but also submit plans and receive alerts when events deviate from expectations. This visibility into orders and shipments on a realtime basis gives enterprises reliable advance knowledge of when goods will arrive. 企業(yè)可以跨供應(yīng)鏈的監(jiān)控和管理事件，從而可以更有效地計劃活動和發(fā)現(xiàn)問題。通過供應(yīng)鏈庫存透明化，企業(yè)不但可以在全球范圍跟蹤到產(chǎn)品明細行層次的庫存，還可以當事件偏離了預(yù)期設(shè)想時自動生成警報 SCM(Suply Chain Management) 供應(yīng)鏈管理A business strategy to improve shareholder and customer value by optimizing the flow of products, services and related information from source to customer. SCM enpasses the processes of creating and fulfilling the market39。s demand for goods and services. It is a set of business processes that enpasses a trading partner munity engaged in a mon goal of satisfying the end customer. Thus, a supply chain process can stretch from a supplier39。s supplier to a customer39。s customer. Functionally, SCM enpasses both transactional execution systems (., enterprise resource planning, warehouse management system, MES, transportation management system and ITS)。 planning。 optimization systems ., supply chain planning)。 and supply chain analytics (., data warehousing). 一種通過優(yōu)化從源頭到客戶的產(chǎn)品流、服務(wù)和相關(guān)信息來提高股東和客戶價值的商業(yè)戰(zhàn)略。供應(yīng)鏈管理覆蓋了事務(wù)執(zhí)行系統(tǒng)（如企業(yè)資源計劃、倉庫管理系統(tǒng)、運輸管理系統(tǒng)、國際貿(mào)易系統(tǒng)等）；計劃；優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)（如供應(yīng)鏈計劃）和供應(yīng)鏈分析（如數(shù)據(jù)倉庫）利用計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)全面規(guī)劃供應(yīng)鏈中的商流、物流、信息流、資金流等，并進行計劃、組織、協(xié)調(diào)與控制。（GB/T183542001） SCP(Supply Chain Planning) 供應(yīng)鏈計劃A subset of SCM, this is the process of coordinating assets to optimize the delivery of goods, services and information from supplier to customer, balancing supply and demand. An SCP suite sits on top of a transactional system to provide planning, whatif scenario analysis capabilities and realtime demand mitments. Typical modules include network planning, capacity planning, demand planning, manufacturing planning and scheduling, distribution and deployment planning, and transportation planning and scheduling 是供應(yīng)鏈管理的一個子集，通過協(xié)調(diào)各種資源以優(yōu)化交貨、平衡供需。供應(yīng)鏈計劃套件基于事務(wù)處理系統(tǒng)之上，提供了計劃、whatif 場景分析和實時需求承諾。典型的模塊包括了網(wǎng)絡(luò)計劃、能力計劃、需求計劃、制造計劃、調(diào)度、配送和部署計劃、運輸計劃和調(diào)度 Supply logistics 供應(yīng)物流（GB/T183542001）為生產(chǎn)企業(yè)提供原材料、零部件或其他物品時，物品在提供者與需求者之間的實物流動。 Transportation 運輸（GB/T183542001）用設(shè)備和工具，將物品從一地點向另一地點運送的物流活動。其中包括集貨、分配、搬運、中轉(zhuǎn)、裝入、卸下、分散等一系列操作。 Third Party Logistics(TPL) 第三方物流Third Party Logistics involves the use of external panies to perform logistics functions that have traditionally been performed within an organization. The function performed by the third party can enpass the entire logistics process or selected activities within that process.(Definition of Lieb) 第三方物流是指企業(yè)使用外部的公司來完成傳統(tǒng)上由企業(yè)內(nèi)部完成的物流職能。第三方物流完成的功能可以覆蓋整個物流全過程，也可以是過程中的某項活動。有供方與需方以外的物流企業(yè)提供物流服務(wù)的業(yè)務(wù)模式。（GB/T183542001） TMS(Transporation Management System) 運輸管理系統(tǒng)System used to plan freight movements, do freight rating and shopping across all modes, select the appropriate route and carrier, and manage freight bills and payments 用于運輸計劃的系統(tǒng)，功能包括了多種運輸模式下的計費、選擇合適的路線和承運人、管理運費帳單和付款 Tra