【正文】 ling channels supported by an enterprise. These may include retail sales, distribution partner (., wholesale) sales, original equipment manufacturer (OEM) sales, Internet exchange or marketplace sales, and Internet auction or reverse auctions sales. Distribution logistics 銷售物流（GB/T183542001）生產(chǎn)企業(yè)、流通企業(yè)出售商品時，物品在供方與需方之間的實體流動。是在DRP 的基礎(chǔ)上提高各環(huán)節(jié)的物流能力，達到系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化運行的目的。s warehouse to the buyer39。 the buyer pays for the freight. Collect on Delivery (COD) means the buyer pays for the freight at the time of receipt 從賣家倉庫運輸貨物到買家倉庫的花費。廣義的庫存還包括處于制造狀態(tài)和運輸狀態(tài)的物品（GB/T183542001） Inventory Adjustment 庫存調(diào)整Adjustments made to the inventory created by the physical inventory and cycle counting processes 當盤點出現(xiàn)異動后對庫存進行調(diào)整 Inventory Control 存量控制Control of current stock (shelf, back room, warehouse, on order, etc.) so that merchandise received conforms to sales demands, and outofstocks or overstocks are avoided 控制當前庫存使得收到的貨品能滿足銷售的需求，避免缺貨或積壓情況的出現(xiàn) Inventory Detail 存儲細節(jié)A pallet of a single product located in a warehouse location. When a pallet is put away, the information from the receipt detail is transferred to the inventory detail. The inventory detail is then associated with the location 當一板貨放置到存儲區(qū)后，存儲細節(jié)被更新，存儲細節(jié)與存儲位置相關(guān) Invoice 發(fā)票A bill for goods showing the amount owed to a creditor Just in time(JIT) 準時制（GB/T183542001）在精確測定生產(chǎn)各工藝環(huán)節(jié)作業(yè)效率的前提下按訂單準確的計劃，消除一切無效作業(yè)與浪費為目的標的一種管理模式。 requirements. （Definition of Council of Logistics Management）物品從供應(yīng)地向接收地的實物流動過程。 Manufacturing resource planning（MRPⅡ）制造需求計劃（GB/T183542001）從整體最優(yōu)的角度出發(fā)，運用科學(xué)的方法，對企業(yè)的各種制造資源和企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營各環(huán)節(jié)實行合理有效地計劃、組織、控制和協(xié)調(diào)，達到既能連續(xù)均衡生產(chǎn)，又能有效地降低各種物品的庫存兩，進而提高企業(yè)經(jīng)濟效益的管理方法。 Order Selection 定單揀取One of the basic operating functions of any distribution center. Products are selected (picked) from warehouse inventory to fill retail store orders 配送中心的一種基本操作，貨品從存儲區(qū)揀取出來以滿足零售店定貨的需求 OutOfStock 缺貨Product not in supply in a warehouse or store. Warehouse outs are expressed as detail items of an order placed that cannot be filled Outbound 出口The flow of products out of a warehouse after order selection Package/packaging 包裝（GB/T183542001）為在流通過程中保護產(chǎn)品、方便儲運、促進銷售，按一定技術(shù)方法而采用的容器、材料及輔助物的總稱。 Purchase Order 采購單A document giving a vendor authority to ship specified merchandise in designated quantities at an agreedupon time and price 客戶給供應(yīng)商的一種單證，內(nèi)容包括了按約定好的時間和價格發(fā)運規(guī)定數(shù)量的貨品 Putaway 放置Determines the best reserve or select location to store each pallet received. Putaway takes into account the stackability of the item, the height from the floor of a reserve location, whether the product is code dated, etc 放置是將收到的卡板放到合適的位置，放置需要考慮的因素有貨品的可堆疊性、貨槽高度、產(chǎn)品是否需要鮮度管理等 Quick response（QR）快速反應(yīng)（GB/T183542001）物流企業(yè)面對多品種、小批量的買方市場，不是儲備了“產(chǎn)品”，而是準備了各種“要素”，在用戶提出需求時，能以最快速度抽取“要素”，及時“組裝”，提供所需服務(wù)或產(chǎn)品。例如一種筆可以按顏色細分，那么每一種顏色的筆擁有自己的SKU 編碼。 Storage 保管（GB/T183542001）對物品進行保存及對其數(shù)量、質(zhì)量進行管理控制的活動。s customer. Supply Chain Management includes managing supply and demand, sourcing raw materials and parts, manufacturing and assembly, warehousing and inventory tracking, order entry and order management, distribution across all channels, and delivery to the customer.( Definition of Supply Chain Council ) 供應(yīng)鏈覆蓋了涉及生產(chǎn)與交付最終產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的一切活動，從供應(yīng)商的供應(yīng)商到客戶的客戶。通過供應(yīng)鏈庫存透明化，企業(yè)不但可以在全球范圍跟蹤到產(chǎn)品明細行層次的庫存，還可以當事件偏離了預(yù)期設(shè)想時自動生成警報 SCM(Suply Chain Management) 供應(yīng)鏈管理A business strategy to improve shareholder and customer value by optimizing the flow of products, services and related information from source to customer. SCM enpasses the processes of creating and fulfilling the market39。 planning。（GB/T183542001） SCP(Supply Chain Planning) 供應(yīng)鏈計劃A subset of SCM, this is the process of coordinating assets to optimize the delivery of goods, services and information from supplier to customer, balancing supply and demand. An SCP suite sits on top of a transactional system to provide planning, whatif scenario analysis capabilities and realtime demand mitments. Typical modules include network planning, capacity planning, demand planning, manufacturing planning and scheduling, distribution and deployment planning, and transportation planning and scheduling 是供應(yīng)鏈管理的一個子集，通過協(xié)調(diào)各種資源以優(yōu)化交貨、平衡供需。其中包括集貨、分配、搬運、中轉(zhuǎn)、裝入、卸下、分散等一系列操作。（GB/T183542001） TMS(Transporation Management System) 運輸管理系統(tǒng)System used to plan freight movements, do freight rating and shopping across all modes, select the appropriate route and carrier, and manage freight bills and payments 用于運輸計劃的系統(tǒng)，功能包括了多種運輸模式下的計費、選擇合適的路線和承運人、管理運費帳單和付款 Transp。第三方物流完成的功能可以覆蓋整個物流全過程，也可以是過程中的某項活動。典型的模塊包括了網(wǎng)絡(luò)計劃、能力計劃、需求計劃、制造計劃、調(diào)度、配送和部署計劃、運輸計劃和調(diào)度 Supply logistics 供應(yīng)物流（GB/T183542001）為生產(chǎn)企業(yè)提供原材料、零部件或其他物品時，物品在提供者與需求者之間的實物流動。 and supply chain analytics (., data warehousing). 一種通過優(yōu)化從源頭到客戶的產(chǎn)品流、服務(wù)和相關(guān)信息來提高股東和客戶價值的商業(yè)戰(zhàn)略。s supplier to a customer39。（GB/T183542001）供應(yīng)鏈是圍繞核心企業(yè)，通過對信息流、貨物流、資金流的控制，從采購原材料開始，制成中間產(chǎn)品以及最終產(chǎn)品，最后由銷售網(wǎng)絡(luò)把產(chǎn)品送到消費者手中的將供應(yīng)商、制造商、分銷商、零售商、直到最終用戶連成一個整體的功能網(wǎng)絡(luò)鏈結(jié)構(gòu)模式（馬士華教授在《供應(yīng)鏈管理》一書中的定義） SCE(Supply Chain Execution) 供應(yīng)鏈執(zhí)行A subset of supply chain management, this is a framework of executionoriented applications that enables the efficient procurement and supply of goods, services and information across enterprise boundaries to meet customerspecific demand. In its broadest sense, SCE includes the manufacturing execution system (MES), warehouse management system and other execution systems within the enterprise, as well as throughout the supply chain. The logisticsoriented elements of SCE include the transportation management system, warehouse management system, international trade systems (ITSs), realtime decision support systems (., dynamic routing and dynamic sourcing systems), and supply chain inventory visibility systems. 供應(yīng)鏈管理的一個子集，通過一個面向執(zhí)行的應(yīng)用框架使得可以進行有效率的采購、貨品供應(yīng)、跨企業(yè)的信息和服務(wù)，以滿足客戶的需求。供應(yīng)商通常指批發(fā)商、批發(fā)代理或制造商 Supply Chain 供應(yīng)鏈enpasses every effort involved in producing and delivering a final product or service, from the supplier39。也就是說一個UPC 碼下可能有若干SKU 編碼，SKU 編碼用于貨品的庫存控制。 SplitCase(BrokenCase) Less than a full case of merchandise. The