【正文】 able依變項dependent 條件化conditioning學(xué)習(xí)learning比較心理學(xué)parative 社會心理學(xué)social 心理計量學(xué)—psychometrics受試(者)subject實驗者預(yù)期效應(yīng)—experimenter expectancy effect雙盲法double—blind實地實驗field experiment 相關(guān)correlation調(diào)查survey訪談interview個案研究case study觀察observation心理測驗psychological test 紋理遞變度texture gradient注意attention物體的組群grouping of object型態(tài)辨識—pattern recognition形象背景figureground接近律proximity相似律similarity閉合律closure連續(xù)律continuity對稱律symmetry錯覺illusion幻覺delusion恒常性constancy大小size形狀shape位置location單眼線索monocular cue線性透視linearperspective 雙眼線索binocular cue深度depth調(diào)節(jié)作用acmodation重迭superposition雙眼融合binocular fusion輻輳作用convergence雙眼像差binocular disparity向度dimension自動效應(yīng)autokineticeffect運動視差motion parallax誘發(fā)運動inducedmotion閃光運動stroboscopic motion 上下文﹑脈絡(luò)context人工智能artificial intelligence effect模板匹配template matching 整合分析法analysisbysynthesis豐富性redundancy選擇性selective無意識的推論unconscious inferences 運動后效motion aftereffect特征偵測器—feature detector激發(fā)性excitatory抑制性inhibitory幾何子geons由上而下處理—updown process 由下而上處理bottomup process連結(jié)者模式connectionist model 聯(lián)結(jié)失識癥associative agnosia臉孔辨識困難癥prosopagnosia意識conscious（ness）識改變狀態(tài)altered states of consciousness 無意識unconsciousness前意識preconsciousness 內(nèi)省法introspection邊緣注意peripheralattention 多重人格multiple personality午餐排隊(雞尾酒會)效應(yīng)—lunch line(cocktail party)effect自動化歷程automatic process解離dissociate解離認同失常dissociative identity disorder 快速眼動睡眠REM dream非快速眼動睡眠—NREM dream神志清醒的夢lucid dreaming失眠insomnia顯性與隱性夢manifest amp。 latern content心理活動性psychoactive冥想meditation抗藥性tolerance戒斷withdrawal 感覺剝奪sensory deprivation物質(zhì)濫用substance abuse成癮physical 戒斷癥狀withdrawal symptom興奮劑stimulant幻覺（迷幻）劑hallucinogen鎮(zhèn)定劑sedative﹐抑制劑—depressant酒精中毒引起譫妄—delirium tremens 麻醉劑narcotic催眠hypnosis催眠后暗示posthypnotic suggestion催眠后失憶 posthypnotic amnesia 超心理學(xué)parapsychology超感知覺extrasensory perception ESP 心電感應(yīng)telepathy超感視clairvoyance 預(yù)知precognition 心理動力—psycokinesis PK受納器receptor絕對閾absolute threshold差異閾difference threshold恰辨差JND韋伯律Weber39。s law心理物理psychophysical費雪納定律Fechner39。s law頻率frequency振幅amplitude音頻pitch基音fundamental tone倍音overtone和諧音harmonic音色timbre白色噪音white noise鼓膜eardrum耳蝸cochlea卵形窗—oval window圓形窗round window前庭vestibular sacs半規(guī)管semicircular canals角膜cornea水晶體lens虹膜iris瞳孔pupil網(wǎng)膜retina睫狀肌ciliary muscle調(diào)節(jié)作用acmodation脊髓spinal cord反射弧reflex arc腦干brain stem計算機軸性線斷層掃描CAT 或CT PET正子放射斷層攝影MRI磁共振顯影延腦medulla橋腦pons小腦cerebellum網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)reticular formationRAS網(wǎng)狀活化系統(tǒng)視丘thalamus下視丘hypothalamus大腦cerebrum腦（下）垂體（腺）—pituitary gland 腦半球cerebral hemisphere皮質(zhì)cortex胼胝體corpus callosum邊緣系統(tǒng)limbic system海馬體hippocampus杏仁核amygdala中央溝central fissure側(cè)溝lateral fissure腦葉lobe同卵雙生子identical twins 異卵雙生子—fraternal twins古典制約classical conditioning操作制約operant conditioning 非制約刺激—(USunconditioned stimulus非制約反應(yīng)—(UR)unconditioned (CS)conditioned (CR)conditioned (獲)得acquisition增強作用reinforcement消除(弱)extinction自(發(fā)性)然恢復(fù)spontaneous recovery 前行制約—forward conditioning同時制約simultaneous conditioning 回溯制約backward ——trace conditioning延宕制約—delay conditioning類化(梯度)generalization(gradient)區(qū)辨discrimination(次級)增強物(secondary)reinforcer 嫌惡刺激aversive stimulus試誤學(xué)習(xí)trial and error learning效果率law of effect正(負)性增強物—positive(negative)—behavior shaping循序漸進successive approximation 自行塑造—autoshaping部分(連續(xù))增強—partial(continuous)R 定比(時)時制—fixed ratio(interval)schedule FR或FI變化比率(時距)時制—variable ratio(interval)scheduleVR或VI逃離反應(yīng)escape —avoidance response習(xí)得無助learned helplessness頓悟insight學(xué)習(xí)心向—learning set隱內(nèi)(潛在)學(xué)習(xí)latent learning 認知地圖cognitive map生理回饋biofeedback敏感遞減法systematic desensitization普里邁克原則—Premack39。s principle 洪水法flooding觀察學(xué)習(xí)observational learning 動物行為學(xué)ethology敏感化—sensitization習(xí)慣化habituation)聯(lián)結(jié)association認知學(xué)習(xí)cognitional ﹑編碼encoding保留﹑儲存retention 提取retrieval回憶(freerecall全現(xiàn)心像﹑照相式記憶eidetic imagery﹑photographic memory舌尖現(xiàn)象（TOT）—tip of tongue再認recognition再學(xué)習(xí)relearning節(jié)省分數(shù)savings外顯與內(nèi)隱記憶explicit amp。 implicitmemory記憶廣度memory span組集chunk序列位置效應(yīng)serial position effect起始效應(yīng)primacy effect 新近效應(yīng)recency effect凝固理論—consolidation心(情)境依賴學(xué)習(xí)statedependent —nonsense syllable 順向干擾proactive interference逆向干擾retroactive interference 閃光燈記憶flashbulb memory動機性遺忘motivated forgetting 器質(zhì)性失憶癥—organic amnesia阿茲海默癥Alzheimer“s disease近事（順向）失憶癥—anterograde amnesia舊事（逆向）失憶—retrograde —korsakoff”s syndrome