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也可以決定一篇文章在那里發(fā)表。舉例二,We would like to submit the enclosed manuscript entitled “Ca2+binding protein frequenin mediates GDNFinduced potentiation of Ca2+ channels and transmitter release”, which we wish to be considered for publication in believe that two aspects of this manuscript will make it interesting to general readers of , we report that GDNF has a longterm regulatory effect on neurotransmitter release at the neuromuscular provides the first physiological evidence for a role of this new family of neurotrophic factors in functional synaptic , we show that the GDNF effect is mediated by enhancing the expression of the Ca2+binding protein , GDNF and frequenin facilitate synaptic transmission by enhancing Ca2+ channel activity, leading to an enhancement of Ca2+ ,重要的是有沒有寫清楚意義。Thus, this study has identified, for the first time, a molecular target that mediates the longterm, synaptic action of a neurotrophic findings may also have general implications in the cell biology of neurotransmitter 。這是一個大家關(guān)心的問題,而且是第一次報道的新發(fā)現(xiàn),這樣才會被重視。舉例三,是1996年發(fā)表在Nature上的文章。當(dāng)時我覺得分量還不夠,所以封面信上就寫得多一點。Enclosed are copies of a manuscript entitled “BDNF and NT4/5 Promote the Development of LongTerm Potentiation in the Hippocampus”, which we wish to be considered for publication in you know, there is a great deal of interest and excitement recently in understanding the role of neurotrophins in synapse development and ,這是一個大家都感興趣的問題。Our manuscript provides, for the first time, the physiological evidence that neurotrophins regulate longterm potentiation(LTP).The main point of the paper is that the neurotrophins BDNF and NT4 induce an earlier appearance of LTP in developing contrast to recent Science article by XX group, 人家剛剛在Science雜志上發(fā)表的一篇文章。We did not see that BDNF enhance basal synaptic transmission in adult ,如果說是Science上發(fā)表的文章是錯的,一定會引起興趣。However, we found that in adult hippocampus, inhibition of BDNF/TrkB activity attenuated LTP, and weak tetanus that normally cannot induce LTP produced enduring 。These findings may have implications in the basic mechanism for regulation of synapse development and longterm modulation of synaptic 。Because of the rather petitive nature of the field and the important implication of our findings, we have not yet presented this work in any public 。However, confidential discussion with several prominent neuroscientists such as 111 and 222 have generated tremendous ,他們都感到很有意思,增加了分量。Thus, we feel that this work is of general interest and is suitable for publication in Nature。怎樣寫標(biāo)題?我舉幾個寫得比較好的和幾個我認為不是最好的。寫標(biāo)題一般是要寫重要的,我反復(fù)強調(diào)你做的工作一定要是重要的發(fā)現(xiàn), 非同一般也要反映在標(biāo)題里。做生命科學(xué)的,有兩類東西會引起重視的。一類是解決功能問題,假如說你能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)一種分子的功能,這是比較能引起重視的。另一類機理, 是把機制搞清楚了,往往會被引起重視。這標(biāo)題一定要寫得簡單、生動,不要拐彎摸角,不要模棱兩可。這里舉兩個例子,我認為是寫得比較好。最近翻閱了Science、包括這些不好的標(biāo)題都是在Science、Nature上的,也不是太壞,相比好的標(biāo)題要差些。這些是比較好的: SynCAM, a synaptic adhesion molecule that drives synapse assembly,大家都知道突觸形成是一個過程,現(xiàn)在克隆一個分子,這一個分子可以組裝突觸,一下子就吸引你的注意。 Inhibition of Retroviral RNA production by ZAP, a CCCHtype Zinc finger protein。Zinc finger protein很多都是轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,他說Zinc finger protein可以抑制逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒,逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒是一個很可怕的事情,我現(xiàn)在有一個Zinc finger protein可以抑制它,所以這是很吸引人的。 Protein phosphatase 1 is a molecular constraint for learning and memory, Protein phosphatase 1 是磷酸脂酶,一個酶可以控制學(xué)習(xí)記憶,很吸引人。 E3 ubiquitin ligase that recognizes sugar chain,酶的底物往往是蛋白,而他認為是sugar chain,就非常有意思。 Single cell gene profile 一個細胞里面我可以把所有的基因的profile都拿出來,這個題目一看就非常吸引人。 Molecular evolution of FOXP2, a gene involved in speech and language。這篇除了標(biāo)題好之外,文章也絕對精彩。它說FOXP2基因可以參與人的講演,語言,能找到這樣一個基因可以控制語言,本身就了不起。而這篇文章,一共只有一個手工畫出來的圖和一個表格。FOXP2是在喉嚨肌肉里面表達的基因。該文并沒有做實驗,而是在已發(fā)表文章中分析出來的。譬如說,一個人講話結(jié)結(jié)巴巴,講不出來,是一種疾病。這個遺傳基因壞了,提示可能這基因與不會說話有關(guān)系。作者去查了基因庫數(shù)據(jù),猴子、猩猩跟人比較接近的動物,它們不能講話,比較一下其DNA順序,跟不會講話的人的差別怎么樣的,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)猴子、猩猩的基因與不會講話的人的基因差不多,說明不會講話的人的基因壞了,為什么猴子、猩猩不能講話,就是因為它們的基因沒有進化到與人一樣。寫這篇文章的人絕對是很聰敏。他把人家的文章拿來,做一下不會說話的人的基因,然后與不會說話的猴子、猩猩的基因比較一下,就能出文章。下面是一些我認為不太好的標(biāo)題: Structure, mechanism, an regulation of the Neurospora plasma membrane H+,這是個什么都說,什么都沒說清楚的Title,這個文章的標(biāo)題不夠特意,看了題目不知道他在說什么,只有去看文章才能知道說了些什么。 Modulation of postendocytic sorting of Gproteincoupled receptors,什么Modulation,是up Modulation,還是down Modulation,沒用說清楚。 Distinct molecular mechanism for initiating TRAF6 signaling,拿Distinct這些大字來嚇唬人的。 還有我不喜歡的標(biāo)題用這些詞開始:Identification of ?。Role of ?。Involvement of?,不是很清楚,很直接,像這樣的標(biāo)題,不能一下子吸引人注意。怎樣寫摘要?寫摘要是最重要的,你的文章是死是活很大程度上取決與摘要寫的好不好。假如寫這篇文章化了20個小時話,那么在摘要上化3-5小時也是不冤枉的。Abstract包括幾個成分: Rationale,就是為什么要做這件事情,邏輯是什么,目的是什么。如“?remain unknown”,為什么去做 “To determine?” Summary statement,即簡短指明主要發(fā)現(xiàn)。如“Here we show?”,“Here we report?”, “Here we describe?” Body, 很多沒有經(jīng)驗的人往往會寫很多細節(jié),把我的方法是什么,結(jié)果正的方面是什么,反的方面是什么,做很多的詳細煩瑣的描述, 我覺得沒有必要。盡量少用特殊名詞,不要用縮寫。 Significance,即意義。摘要一定要說明這項工作為什么重要,有什么理論或?qū)嶋H意義,等等。但是不要吹,不能說大話,或。假如是很重要的,輕輕地說一下,不要吹的太厲害,這樣反而會被引起重視的。例如20世紀(jì)最偉大的發(fā)現(xiàn)DNA雙螺旋, and :It has not escaped our attention that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic ,沒用說我們這個發(fā)現(xiàn)有多重要,多偉大。而只是說我們已經(jīng)注意到它有這個意義,輕輕的說一下,這寫得非常精彩。有一本書,叫做“DNA雙螺旋“是Watson寫的,在書的有一段寫到他是如何寫這句話的,你們有興趣可以讀一讀。下面這個摘要,我認為寫得精彩:Formation of the normal mammalian cerebral cortex requires the migration of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons from an extracortical origin, the lateral ganglionic eminence(LGE).Mechanisms guiding the migratory direction of these neurons, or other neurons in the neocortex, are not well ,但遷移的機制不太清楚,這是要解決的問題。接下來講的是科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn),懂不懂沒有關(guān)系。We have used an explant assay to study GABAergic neuronal migration and found that the ventricular zone(VZ)of the LGE is repulsive to GABAergic , the secreted protein Slit is a chemorepellent guiding the migratory direction of GABAergic neurons, and blockade of endogenous Slit signaling inhibits the repulsive activity in the results have revealed a cellular source of guidance for GABAergic neurons, demonstrated a molecular cue important for cortical development, and suggested a guidance mechanism for the migration of extracortical neurons into the ,用了三個(revealed、demonstrated、suggested)并列的句子把重要性說明