【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 concert  ［正］ Every one of us has a ticket for the concert ［析］ everyone，someone，everybody … 在作主語(yǔ)時(shí)都不能加 of 結(jié)構(gòu)。［誤］ Girls like dancing very much，but few likes playing football  ［正］ Girls like dancing very much，but few like playing football  ［析］ few 雖然含意上是“幾乎沒(méi)有”，但作主語(yǔ)時(shí)仍要當(dāng)作復(fù)數(shù)。 ［誤］ The number of the workers in that factory are two hundred  ［正］ The number of the workers in that factory is two hundred ［析］ the number of 意為：某某的數(shù)字是…… 如： the number of students 學(xué)生人數(shù)，the number of players 運(yùn)動(dòng)員人數(shù)。不論數(shù)字如何都應(yīng)看作單數(shù)。而 a number of 與 many 意思相同，其后加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： A number of students are playing on the grass ［誤］ The rest of the students is here  ［正］ The rest of the students are here  ［誤］ The rest of the work are done  ［正］ The rest of the work is done ［析］ the rest of 的用法與２／３，一半，８０％＋ of 的結(jié)構(gòu)一致，of 后面為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，為不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。這樣用法還有 lots of，a lot of，plenty of。［誤］ The news in today39。s newspaper are not bad  ［正］ The news in today39。s newspaper is not bad ［析］ 有些以 s 結(jié)尾的名詞要用作不可數(shù)名詞，它們是：news，physics，mathematics，thanks，…［誤］ The Chinese is kind and friendly  ［正］ The Chinese are kind and friendly ［析］ Chinese 作為中文來(lái)講是單數(shù)名詞，但作為中國(guó)人講是單復(fù)同形的名詞。如： one Chinese，two Chinese … 而 The Chinese ＝ The people of China 要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。［誤］ This dictionary is too expensive for me Ten dollars are a big sum for me ［正］ This dictionary is too expensive for me Ten dollars is a big sum for me ［析］ 表示一段時(shí)間，一筆金錢(qián)，一段距離，都應(yīng)看作單數(shù)名詞。 ［誤］ Who are going to take part in our football match?  ［正］ Who is going to take part in our football match? ［析］ 用 who 提問(wèn)時(shí)，習(xí)慣上用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，但 which 則要視其情況而定，如： which are better these shoeses or those shoes? 又如： which is better this one or that one? ［誤］ What a hot weather it is! ［誤］ How hot the weather it is! ［正］ What hot weather it is! ［正］ How hot the weather is!［析］ 感嘆句是用來(lái)表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的喜怒哀樂(lè)的感情。它由 what 與 how 作句子的開(kāi)始，判定是用 what 還是用 how 的最好辦法是將它們換為陳述句，比如： What the hot weather it is!應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)換為： It is the hot weather 那么句子的起點(diǎn)是單詞 it。再來(lái)看感嘆句中 it 前有不可數(shù)名詞 weather，則只能用 what。再看第二句 How hot the weather is!轉(zhuǎn)為陳述句時(shí)為： The weather is hot這時(shí)句子的開(kāi)始單詞為 the weather，再來(lái)看感嘆句在 the weather 前只有形容詞，所以應(yīng)用 how。至于是用 what a 還是 what 要看名詞的具體情況而定，單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞加 what a 其余的加用 what。 ［誤］ We have to sing this，have we?  ［誤］ We have to sing this，haven39。t we?  ［正］ We have to sing this, don39。t we?［析］ 在反意疑問(wèn)句中除了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的一些常規(guī)外，有一些例外： Let39。s go home，shall we? Let us go home，will you? She had to leave，didn39。t she? Do your homework at once，will you?There is not much good news in today39。s newspaper，is there? Neither of them are right，are they? I think he will e to the party won39。t he?think 后的賓語(yǔ)從句，與其他賓語(yǔ)從句不一樣，在初中只有這樣一個(gè)較特殊的詞。這樣的句子的反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)要用賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)，其助動(dòng)詞要用賓語(yǔ)從句的助動(dòng)詞，而肯定還是否定要看主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞而定，如： I don39。t think he is ing to our party，is he? ［誤］ I want to know where does he live  ［正］ I want to know where he lives ［析］ 賓語(yǔ)從句中一律要用陳述語(yǔ)序，而不用疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序。 ［誤］Nor I have ［正］Nor(Neither)have I ［析］ nor，neither 用在簡(jiǎn)答否定句中時(shí)要采用倒裝語(yǔ)序。在肯定句的簡(jiǎn)答句中則要用so，如： I do my homework very quickly，So does Mary ［誤］ Look!Here the bus es! ［正］ Look!Here es the bus! ［誤］ Look!Here es he! ［正］ Look!Here he es  ［析］ 在 there，here 打頭的句子中，如果主語(yǔ)是名詞，則要采用倒裝語(yǔ)序；如果是人稱代詞則用一般語(yǔ)序。［誤］ Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us? No，I don39。t hope so ［正］ Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us? No，I hope not ［析］ 我不這樣想，可用 I don39。t think so 但 hope 的否定簡(jiǎn)答句只能用 I hope not 這是習(xí)慣用法。但這兩個(gè)詞的肯定簡(jiǎn)答句形是一樣的，如： I think hope so ［誤］ That is difficult for us to learn English well  ［正］ It is difficult for us to learn English well ［析］ It 這里的語(yǔ)法作用是形式主語(yǔ)，而真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的不定式。形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)都要用 it 而不能用 that，如： I think it difficult to learn English well it 在這句中是 think 的形式賓語(yǔ)。（三）例題解析 1There ＿＿＿ a pencilbox on the desk． ［答案］ A.［析］ There be 句形中的 be 動(dòng)詞要看其后面離它最近的名詞而定，如： There are two books and a pencil on the desk 但卻可以講 There is a pencil and two books on the desk 2Could you tell me ＿＿＿ ?A Mrs King where lives B where does Mrs King live  C where Mrs King lives D Mrs King lives where ［答案］ C.［析］ 賓語(yǔ)從句中的疑問(wèn)句要用陳述語(yǔ)序。 3Your brother came to see you，＿＿＿ ?A does he B doesn39。t he C did he D didn39。t he  ［答案］ D.［析］ 前句是肯定句，后面反意疑問(wèn)句要用否定句，同時(shí) came 為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，所以應(yīng)用 didn39。t he 4It39。s getting cloudy，＿＿＿ ?A does39。 it B doesn39。t it C is it D isn39。t it ［答案］ D.［析］ 要區(qū)分39。s 是 has 還是 is，這里由 getting 得出39。s 是is。 5＿＿＿ keep me waiting so long． A Not B Won39。t C Don39。t D Not to ［答案］ C.［析］ Don39。t ＋ 動(dòng)詞原形為祈始句的否定句。 6Mr Green hasn39。t been to Beijing, ＿＿＿ ?A has he B hasn39。t he C did he D didn39。t he ［答案］ A.［析］ 此句 has 是助動(dòng)詞與過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。 7You have your lunch at school, ＿＿＿ ?A have you B haven39。t you C do you D don39。t you  ［答案］ D.［析］ 這里的 have 是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞“吃”，而不是助動(dòng)詞。 8＿＿＿ sunny day!Let39。s go out for a walk． A How a B How C What a D What ［答案］ C.［析］ 這個(gè)感嘆句是個(gè)省略句，其真實(shí)的句子應(yīng)為 What a sunny day it is!9Can you tell me ＿＿＿ ?Sure She39。s a nurse A where is your sister B where your sister is  C what is your sister D what your sister is ［答案］ D.［析］ who 問(wèn)的是姓名，如： Who is he? He is Smith 或 He is my fatheris he? He is a teacherWhat 問(wèn)的是職業(yè)，如： What 10 10John likes listening to the radio，＿＿＿ ?A does he B doesn39。t he C doesn39。t John D does Johe ［答案］ B.［析］ 當(dāng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)用代詞。 11Neither you nor I ＿＿＿ on the team． A are B were C am D is ［答案］ C.［析］ 由 neither … nor … 作連接詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與相臨近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)相呼應(yīng)。 12＿＿＿ delicious food!I39。d like some more． A what a B How a C What D How ［答案］ C.［析］ 因 food 為不可數(shù)名詞。 13＿＿＿ there a cat under the chair? A Are B Is C Has D Have ［答案］ B.［析］ 這是 there be 句型的疑問(wèn)句。 14Could you tell me ＿＿＿ ?A when the train will arrive B when the train arrived  C when did the train arrive D when does the train arrives ［答案］ A.［析］ could 用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)疑問(wèn)句表達(dá)了口氣的委婉，并不是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。且賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)句。15＿＿＿ bad weather!Yes，But it39。s going to be fine soon，I think A How B What a C What an D What ［答案］ D.［析］ weather 為不可數(shù)名詞。16Could you tell me ＿＿＿ ?Yes，They ＿＿＿ to the library A where are the twins，have been B where we