【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 e each maxim still has several maxim:Make your contribution as informative as is required(for the current purpases of the exchange).Do not make your contribution more informative than is maxim Try to make your contribution one that is 、Do not say what you believe to be 、Do not say that for which you lack adequate maxim Be maxim Be perspicuousAvoid obscurity of 、Avoid 、Be brief(avoid prolixity)Be orderly.(Linguistics:A Course Book Fourth Edition by Hu Zhuanglin)These maxims show how the participants cooperate with each other: the speaker tries to tell the reality。has content and contacts。to be clear and avoid being ambiguous。to be concise and organized。also the hearer needs to use the same standard to understand the key to production of Conversational Implicature lays on the attitude that both parties hold in the immediate it is in pliance with each criterion for the maxim or to defy each one, people can also obtain the inference and judgment beyond semantic content of the of the above four maxims has its different importance: the first three related to the content of the conversation and the last one to the conversational people abide by all the maxims above, people can municate efficiently and cooperatively, people try to build up their interlocutor39。s positive faces39。, while trying to avoid posing threats to their `negative faces39。.Brown and Levison put forward The Face Theory in 1978.“As a technical term, face means the public selfimage of a refers to that emotional and social sense of self that everyone has and expects everyone else to , in an interaction, can then be defined as the means employed to show awareness of another person39。s face”(Yule, 2000:60).A person39。s negative face is the need to be independent, to have freedom of action and not to be imposed on by person39。s positive face is the need to be accepted, even liked, by others, to be treated as a member of the same group, and to know that his or her wants are shared by a speaker says something selfimage, that represents a threat to another individual39。s expectations it is described as a face threatening , given the regarding possibility that some action might be interpreted as a threat to another39。s face, the speaker can say something to lessen the possible is called a face saving act.(Yule, 2000: 6162)The speaker sometimes has to flout the maxim of Cooperative Principle to save the other part39。s put forward another pragmatic principle: Politeness are six maxims of Politeness maxim has two maxim benefit to self benefit to other maxim cost to other cost to self maxim a Minimise dispraise of other b Maximise praise of other maxim praise of self dispraise of self maxim disagreement between self and other agreement between self and other maxim antipathy between self and other sympathy between self and other(An Introduction To Linguistics by Chen Linhua)Leech39。s Politeness Principle is supposed to collaborate with, and even rescue the Cooperative Principle and its associated maxims because Grice39。s Cooperative Principle only explains the relationship between the literal meaning and the practical meaning of the Cooperative Principle expounds how the conversational implicature takes place and how to understand it。but it does not say why people choose to express their real intention by deliberately flouting the Principle helps to explain the many situations, if people obey the Cooperative Principle and say their intentions directly, they sometimes will hurt the other part39。s The present study demonstrates that the political interview exhibits the conversational implicatures observed in naturallyoccurring the analysis of this political interview, it is easy to notice the high frequency of the occurrences of the violation of violations are deliberately used as the pragmatic strategies to regulate the of the conversational implicatures are caused by flouting the maxims of cases of flouting the maxim of quality and the maxim of relation seldom appear in the political reason lies in that the interviews of politicians are almost formal and the interviewees normally will not say what they believe to be false or the politician choose to flout the maxim of quality and the maxim of relation, he or she will be considered to be not serious or leave the impression on the public that he does not respect the predicament for , the interviewer often put the politician in a some of the questions are very difficult to answer , the politician chooses to evade those questions or answer them selectively or treat them from the indirect sources.第三篇：開題報(bào)告某高校土木工程專業(yè)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)開題報(bào)告題目： 某框架結(jié)構(gòu)高校辦公樓設(shè)計(jì)課 題 類 型： 設(shè)計(jì)√ 實(shí)驗(yàn)研究□ 論文□ 學(xué) 生 姓 名： 學(xué) 號(hào)： 專 業(yè) 班 級(jí)： 學(xué) 院： 指 導(dǎo) 教 師： 開 題 時(shí) 間：一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容及研究意義內(nèi)容基本概況經(jīng)上級(jí)主管部門批準(zhǔn)，擬按一般標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建造一棟六層某框架結(jié)構(gòu)高校辦公樓。該工程為鋼筋混凝土框架結(jié)構(gòu)，橫向框架不少于三跨，總建筑面積不小于5000m2。設(shè)計(jì)使用年限為50年，結(jié)構(gòu)安全等級(jí)為二級(jí)，環(huán)境類別為一類。抗震設(shè)防烈度為8度，第二組。建筑室內(nèi)外高差600mm，室外標(biāo)高即為現(xiàn)有自然地面標(biāo)高。工程地質(zhì)條件自然地表以下1m內(nèi)為雜填土，重度γ=17kN/m3；雜填土下為3m厚可塑性粘土，重度為γ=18kN/m3，液性指數(shù)IL=,含水率ω=%，天然孔隙比e=，ES=10MPa，3ck=20kpa，φk=12度；再下為礫石土層，重度為γ=20kN/m，液性指數(shù)IL=,含水率ω=%，天然孔隙比e=，ES=20MPa，ck=15kpa，φk=18度。未修正前粘土承載力特征值為180kN/m2，礫石土層承載力特征值為300kN/m2。場(chǎng)地土類別為Ⅲ類，地基基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)等級(jí)為丙級(jí)。基礎(chǔ)埋深范圍內(nèi)無(wú)地下水。主體結(jié)構(gòu)工程和裝飾工程采用現(xiàn)澆混凝土框架結(jié)構(gòu)，肋梁樓蓋。混凝土強(qiáng)度等級(jí)為C30，鋼筋采用HPB300級(jí)（箍筋、樓板鋼筋）和HRB400級(jí)鋼筋（梁、柱縱向受力鋼筋）。內(nèi)外墻均采用小型混