【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 ne level of structure, structure … deals with two levels of structure: both surface structure and deep structure deals with two levels of structure: both surface structure and deep structure … is only concerned with one level of structure, structure A surface structure is different from a deep structure in that ______.()a deep structure is pronounceable but a surface structure is not a surface structure is relatively abstract but a deep structure is concrete a surface structure gives the meaning of a sentence but a deep structure gives the form of a sentence a surface structure corresponds most closely to the linear arrangement of words as they are pronounced while a deep structure corresponds most closely to the meaningful grouping of wordsTo generate the deep structure of an English sentence, we always start with the rule: ______.()(NP VP(NP AUX VP (Det AP N(V NP ______ is an obligatory Trule.() The sound [v] is ________.() voiced labiodental fricative voiceless dental fricative voiced alveolar fricative voiceless alveopalatal fricative The front vowels are different from the back vowels in terms of ________.() shape of the lips tongue position state of the soft palate tension of the muscles of pharynx The sound [e] is ______ vowel.() nasal front low unrounded nasal mid back unrounded oral high back rounded oral front mid unrounded 得分評(píng)卷人復(fù)查人Chinese linguistics is a kind of general All sounds produced by human speech organs are linguistic The sound [u] may be marked with [+high], [low], [front], [+back], [+rounded] and [tense].______ Bilabials are different from alveolars in terms of place of Only short vowels /i/, /d/, /d/ and /d/ can precede final /d/.______ Phones are the realizations of a specific A morpheme is a minimal distinctive unit in the sound system of a IC analysis is arbitrary If the words or phrases in a sentence can be replaced by words and phrases outside the sentence and the resulting sentence is still grammatical, then we say the replacing forms and replaced forms have paradigmatic Statically, we examine the process by which sentences are generated by syntactic The substitutional relation refers to the linear ordering of the words and the phrases within a To generate the deep structure of an English sentence, we always start with the rule: S(NP AUX The constituent which may be present or absent on the right side of the arrow in a PS rule is called a pulsory In the transformational rule TAffix, the term “affix” refers to the affixes of main TPassive must be applied before TYes/No 得分評(píng)卷人復(fù)查人What are the five subbranches of linguistics? Define them respectively.（7%）得分What is the difference between segmental features and suprasegmental features? And what are the suprasegmental features in English?(6%)得分Explain the term Labeled IC Analysis.(7%)得分得分評(píng)卷人復(fù)查人Write the symbol that corresponds to each of the following phonetic descriptions:(6%)a voiceless palatal plosive______ a low back rounded lax vowel ______ a central liquid_____ a high back rounded tense vowel ______ 得分Change the following phonemic transcriptions into phonetic transcriptions:(8%)/wi:k/____________ /`kdkteil/____________ /milt/____________ /`kdmfdtd bl/____________ 得分Divide the following words into separate morphemes by placing a “+” between each morpheme and the next:(7%)Example: bookshelf = book + shelf endearment = ____________ basically = ____________ phoneme = ____________ unhappily = ____________ television = ____________ sputnik = ____________ unsuccessfully = ______ 得分Draw the deep structure phrase marker and apply necessary transformational rules to generate the following sentence:(9%)Has the car been repaired?得分2006年（下）江蘇省高等教育自學(xué)考試 27037語言學(xué)概論試卷答案I.（每空1分，共10分）本項(xiàng)為填空題，拼寫錯(cuò)誤、大小寫錯(cuò)誤、單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤均不得分！visual … auditory（本題每空1分，兩空順序不限）descriptive Palatal … velar（本題每空1分，兩空順序不可顛倒）generality free morphemes static deep … surface（本題每空1分，兩空順序不可顛倒，若兩空寫成同一個(gè)詞，兩空均不得分）II.（每題1分，共25分）– 10: CAB 11 – 15: DACCA 16 – 20: BBDAC 21 – 25: DBADC 26 – 30: BDBDA 31 – 32: BD III.（每題1分，共15分）– 35: FFT– 40: TTFTF 41 – 45: TFFTF 46 – 47: FT IV.（共20分）Linguistics has five subbranches: phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics.（2分）Phonetics is the study of speech sounds of all human languages.（1分）Phonology is the science that deals with the sound system of a language.（1分）Morphology examines word formation and the internal structure of words.（1分）Syntax is concerned with how words are bined to form phrases and how phrases are bined by rules to form sentences.（1分）Semantics is the study of the meaning or words and sentences.（1分）The distinctive features which can only have an effect on one sound segment are called segmental features.（2分）The distinctive features that can affect more than one sound segment and can also contrast meaning are called suprasegmental features.（2分）There are three kinds of them in English: stress, intonation, and juncture.（2分）By IC Analysis, we mean that we divide the morphemes of a word or the words of a sentence into two groups and then divide each group into subgroups, and so on, until we reach single morphemes of the word or single words of the sentence.（4分）Some linguists have modified IC Analysis by labeling each constituent with a syntactic revised method is called Labeled IC Analysis.(3分)V.（共30分）51.（共6分）[c] [d ][r] [u:]52.（共8分）[wi:c] or [wi:c﹁] [`khdd﹁tei l ] [mi l t] or [mi l t﹁] [`chdfdtdb l ]53.（共7分）endearment = en + dear + ment basically = bas + ical + ly phoneme = phon + eme unhappily = un + happi + ly television = tele + vis + ion sputnik = sputnik unsuccessfully = un + success + ful + ly 54.（共9分）SNPAUXN TensePerfVSomeone PresenthaveENThe carPresent haveEN+ beEN repairPresent have the car EN beEN repairHave Presentbe EN repair EN Has beenrepairedNote:TPassive。（）TAgentdeletion。（）TYes/No question。（）TAffix（）VP NPDet repair theby someon