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的合同締約或簽字信式,要盡量爭取在我方舉行。因?yàn)楹灱s地點(diǎn)往往決定采取哪國法律解決合同中的糾紛問題。根據(jù)國際法的一般原則,如果合同中對出現(xiàn)糾紛采用哪國法律未作具體規(guī)定,一旦發(fā)生爭執(zhí),法院或仲裁庭就可以根據(jù)合同締結(jié)地國家的法律來做出判決或仲裁。第四篇:簽訂外貿(mào)英語合同注意事項(xiàng)[模版]全面履行自己的義務(wù),這就需要合同的文字斟詞酌句,力求準(zhǔn)確無誤。同時,準(zhǔn)確性也是對商務(wù)合同英語翻譯的基本要求。準(zhǔn)確性也就是要忠實(shí)原文,必須保持原文與譯文之間的等值關(guān)系。這是因?yàn)樯虅?wù)合同翻譯的不準(zhǔn)確性,常常失之毫厘,謬以千里。商務(wù)合同的翻譯采用直譯,實(shí)在不能直譯的才采取意譯。這就要求譯者要熟練掌握原文和譯文兩種語言結(jié)構(gòu)上的異同點(diǎn),實(shí)施準(zhǔn)確的語言轉(zhuǎn)換。本文擬就商務(wù)合同英語翻譯的準(zhǔn)確性從以下四方面作一番探討,以就教于同仁。詞法的準(zhǔn)確 縮略詞的準(zhǔn)確。縮略詞是指由主干單詞的第一個字母所構(gòu)成。這是人們在長期的商務(wù)使用過程中逐漸演變的結(jié)果??s略詞以其規(guī)范、簡明、節(jié)省時間的特點(diǎn)而被廣泛使用。例如:保兌的不可撤消的無追索權(quán)的以中國遠(yuǎn)洋運(yùn)輸公司為受益人的信用證,合同貨物全部貨款為英鎊,憑即期匯票并附運(yùn)輸單據(jù)向裝運(yùn)港的中國銀行議付。By confirmed, irrevocable L/C without recourse in favour of COSCO for the total value of the contracted goods in poundssterling, payable at sight against presentation of shipping documents to the Bank of China in the port of ,COSCO 是China Ocean Shipping 。其他如:CMT = cutmaketrim 剪裁、縫邊、鑲邊的加工費(fèi);SHINC = Sunday and Holiday Included 包括星期天和節(jié)假日;PDPR = per day or pro rata 每天?不足一天按比例計(jì)算;CCIB = the China Commodity Inspection Bureau 中國商品檢驗(yàn)局。但要注意:(1)國家名稱往往可以縮寫,街道名稱中的Road, Street 等最好不要縮寫,如:中華人民共和國貴州省貴陽市營盤路8 號6 幢713 號,郵政編碼:55003Building 6, Suite 713 8 Yingpan Road Guiyang, Guizhou 550032 PRC(2)表示“午前”、“午后” ’clock, in the morning, in the afternoon 等連用?!罢琰c(diǎn)”、“午夜點(diǎn)”應(yīng)寫成noon, midnight,不要寫成12 ., 12 .。(3)表示長度、面積、體積、容積、重量等的單位名稱,在商務(wù)合同中一般不用縮寫,只有在列表中與數(shù)字直接放在一起時才使用縮寫,且縮寫無單復(fù)數(shù)之分:ft = foot, feet。yd = yard, yards。oz = ounce, ounces(4)月份名和星期名最好不要縮寫,除非是在列表時為了節(jié)省空間。 同義詞連用的準(zhǔn)確。在商務(wù)合同中,經(jīng)常用成雙成對的同義詞,同義詞之間用and 或or 連接。成對用同義詞是為了避免訴訟時雙方律師鉆詞義間的細(xì)微差別大做文章。因而在做英語翻譯時一定要注意。我們知道“term”和“condition”是同義詞,都表示“條件、條款”,但它們在合同中就經(jīng)常連用,例如:買賣雙方同意按下列條款買賣以下貨物:The Seller agrees to sell and the Buyer agrees to purchase the undermentioned modity according to the terms andconditions stipulated below:商務(wù)合同中常用的同義詞連用還有以下這些:修改―― amendments to or alterations of ;效力―― force and effect ;履行―― fulfill or perform;提供――furnish and provide ; 解釋― ― interpretation or construction ; 達(dá)成― ― make and enter into ; 無效― ―null and void;秘密――secret and confidential;可轉(zhuǎn)讓――transferable or assignable。 復(fù)合詞的準(zhǔn)確。商務(wù)合同中常用到的是here、there 或where 與in、on、after、of 等介詞結(jié)合構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞。在合同中使用這些詞,可避免重復(fù),做到準(zhǔn)確、簡潔、嚴(yán)密,反映出契約性行文正式、嚴(yán)肅、古板的文體特征。這類復(fù)合詞中的“here”應(yīng)理解為“this”,“ there”應(yīng)理解為“that”,“ where”應(yīng)理解為“which”。因此,hereof = of this,herewith = withthis 關(guān)于此點(diǎn); hereafter = after this time。in the future 自此以后,將來;hereby = by means of this 以此方式;herein = in this place于此處;hereinafter = below or in this document 在下文;hereto = to this 由是,由此;thereinafter = in that part 在下部分;thereupon= as a result of that 于是,因此;therefor = for that object 為此,因之;whereas = considering that 考慮到,鑒于;whereof = ofwhat 所談的事;whereby = by which 借以;whereupon = after which 然后。如:受讓方應(yīng)保持十分詳細(xì)的帳簿和記錄,使下述提成費(fèi)能據(jù)此確定為驗(yàn)明提成報告和所支付的提成費(fèi),受讓方還應(yīng)準(zhǔn)許出讓方指定的有身份證明的公共會計(jì)師,在營業(yè)時間任何合適的時候檢查帳簿和記錄。The Licensee shall keep books and records in sufficient detail to enable the royalties payable hereunder to the determined , and,shall further permit such books and records to be examined by a certified public accountant appointed by the Licensor at anyreasonable time during the business hours to the extent necessary to verify the royalty and payments 正規(guī)性詞語的準(zhǔn)確。商務(wù)合同的用詞一般都正式、規(guī)范的語言,而不能太口語化??蓮摹皊hall”在商務(wù)合同中的廣泛使用看出這一點(diǎn)。用“shall”代替“will”or“should”以加強(qiáng)語氣和強(qiáng)制力。“shall”在合同中,并非指單純的將來時,而是常常用來表示法律上可以強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行的義務(wù),表示當(dāng)事人需要承擔(dān)的義務(wù),有“應(yīng)該”、“必須”的意思?!皐ill”在合同中雖也用作表示承擔(dān)義務(wù),但語氣比“shall”弱。在合同中“should”通常只用來表示語氣較強(qiáng)的假設(shè)“萬一”,極少用來表示“應(yīng)該”,這是英語合同用詞與基礎(chǔ)英語用詞的不同之處。如:賣方保證貨物達(dá)到質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),沒有瑕疵。雖然中文中無“應(yīng)該”字樣,但應(yīng)翻譯成:The seller shall guarantee that the goods meet the quality standards and without :修改―amend―change, correct;給予―assign―give;召集會議―convene―call to meet;解釋―construe―explain;同意―consent―agreement;立約―covenan―promise in writing;認(rèn)為―deem―consider;立刻-forthwith-at once;臨時的-interim-temporary;參與-partake-join;要求-require-ask;遞交-surrender-give。 專用表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確。在商務(wù)合同中還經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一些像In Witness Whereof、Know All Men by these presents 之類的專用表達(dá),這些單詞或詞組在日常交流中幾乎不用。如:(1)本協(xié)議書于上面所簽定的日期由雙方根據(jù)各自的法律簽定,開始執(zhí)行,特立此據(jù)。In Witness Whereof, the parties hereto have caused the Agreement to be executed on the day and year first before written inaccordance with their respective laws.(2)特此宣布,我中國建設(shè)銀行向騰達(dá)公司立約擔(dān)保支付三百萬元人民幣保證金,本保證金對銀行及其繼承人和受讓人均具有約束力。Know All Men by these presents that we Construction Bank of China will be bound to Tengda the sum of threemillion RMB yuan for payment well and truly to be made to the Owner , the Bank will bind itself , its successors and assigns bythese 詞項(xiàng)重復(fù)的準(zhǔn)確。詞項(xiàng)重復(fù)是指很少使用代詞,重復(fù)關(guān)鍵詞。這是為了達(dá)到準(zhǔn)確的目地。除在“it is agreed as follows”和“it is understood that”兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中外,代詞“it”幾乎見不到。此外,名詞前常用“said”、“aforesaid”、“abovementioned”等來限定,如:如賣方延遲交貨超過合同規(guī)定10 周時,買方有權(quán)撤消合同。此時賣方仍應(yīng)不延遲地按上述規(guī)定向買方支付罰款。In case the Seller fails to make delivery ten weeks later than the time of shipment stipulated in the Contract, the Buyer shallhave the right to cancel the Contract, and the Seller, in spite of the cancellation, shall nevertheless pay the aforesaid penalty to theBuyer with