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within 4 hours. 用于解決更困難的問題。 CQAR解決方法不能在 4小時(shí)內(nèi)確定 。 ? Six Sigma – Complex problem solving tool. When 8D has multiple potential root causes and requires more plex tools. – 復(fù)雜問題的解決方式。當(dāng) 8D發(fā)現(xiàn)多種潛在的原因需要更復(fù)雜的工具。 8D Problem Solving Process 0. Bee Aware of the Problem 1. Assemble a Team if Necessary 2. Describe the Problem and the Expectation 3. Implement and Verify Interim Containment Actions 5. Define and Verify Permanent Corrective Actions 6. Implement Permanent Corrective Actions 7. Prevent Recurrence 8. JOB WELL DONE! 4. Define and Verify Root Causes 8D 問題解決方式 0. 意識(shí)到問題 1. 必要的話,成立一個(gè)小組 2. 描述問題和期望 3. 貫徹和核實(shí)“臨時(shí)圍堵”行動(dòng) 5. 確定和核實(shí)永久性糾正行動(dòng) 6. 實(shí)施永久性糾正行動(dòng) 7. 防止復(fù)發(fā) 8. 圓滿完成工作! 4. 確定和核實(shí)問題根源 Step 0 第 0步 Bee Aware of the Problem 意識(shí)到問題 How We Bee Aware of Problems 我們?nèi)绾我庾R(shí)到問題 ? CQAR CQAR ? Customer call 客戶的電話 ? First Pass Yield 首次通過率 ? Quality 質(zhì)量 ? Cost (Excessive scrap, etc.) 成本(過多的報(bào)廢,等) ? Delivery 交貨 ? Warranty Data 質(zhì)保期成本 ? ? ? Step 1 Assemble a Team if Necessary 第一步 若必要組成一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì) Form a small team of people with the interest and the necessary skills to effectively work through the 8D process. 組成一個(gè)小組,小組成員對(duì) 8D 有興趣并具有必要的技能,以便能夠有效地完成 8D 的工作 Assemble a Team: Steps 成立一個(gè)小組:步驟 ? Select a small number of people ? 選定一小部分人組成一個(gè)小組 ? Determine roles ? 確定角色 ? Develop ground rules ? 發(fā)展基本規(guī)則 ? Determine customer ? 確定客戶 ? Determine scope, timetable, deliverables ? 確定范圍、時(shí)間表、可交付使用的結(jié)果 Step 2 Describe the Problem and the Expectation 第二步 描述問題和期望 ? Specify the internal/external customer problem by identifying in quantifiable terms the who, what, when, where, why, how, how many (5W2H) for the problem. ? 用可量化的術(shù)語 :來詳細(xì)說明內(nèi)部和外部客戶的問題 ? Describe in quantifiable terms the customer expectation and the vision. ? 用可量化的術(shù)言說明客戶的期望和前景 ? “ who (何人 ), what (何事 ), when (何時(shí) ), where (何處 ), why (為何 ), how (怎樣 ), how many (多少 )” -5W2H 。 Describe the Problem: Steps 描述問題:具體步驟 ? Describe the problem ? 描述問題 ? Refine problem statement ? 進(jìn)一步描述問題 ? Write problem statement ? 寫出問題陳述 ? Write customer expectation ? 寫出客戶的期望 ? Write vision statement ? 寫出前景陳述 Keys to Problem Statement 問題陳述的關(guān)鍵 ? The Problem Description phase involves as plete of data collection as possible. ? 描述問題階段涉及到盡可能收集相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)。 ? May require time to collect the data ? 可以規(guī)定時(shí)間來收集數(shù)據(jù)。 ? It is key to get the Problem Statement accurate. ? 準(zhǔn)確描述問題是關(guān)鍵。 Tools for Problem Description 描述問題的工具 ? Data Collection ? 數(shù)據(jù)的收集 ? 5W’s 2 H’s ? “ who (何人 ), what (何事 ), when (何時(shí) ), where (何處 ), why (為何 ), how (怎樣 ), how many (多少 )” ? Charting ? 圖表 ? 5 Why’s ? 5 個(gè)為什么 5 W’s 2 H’s Who (Customer, end user,) What (What product, What p/n, s/n,) Where (Location, On what machine, ) When (On what dates were failures, After how many hours, ) Why (Include any partial conclusions.) How (Under what circumstances, what type of failure) How many (How many failures, Out of how many total) 5 W’s 2 H’s 誰 (客戶、最終使用者, ) 什么 (什么產(chǎn)品 , 什么零件號(hào) , 系列號(hào) ,) 哪里 (位置 , 在哪臺(tái)機(jī)器 , ) 何時(shí) (實(shí)效日期 , 故障前的運(yùn)行時(shí)間 , ) 為什么 (包括一些部分結(jié)論, ) 程度 (失效時(shí)的工況 , 失效類型, ) 多少 (多少故障 , 百分比。 ) What’s wrong with what? Why?____________________________________________ Can you prove it? (if yes, proceed. If no, go back 1 step) Y N Why?____________________________________________ Can you prove it? (if yes, proceed. If no, go back 1 step) Y N Why?____________________________________________ Can you prove it? (if yes, proceed. If no, go back 1 step) Y N Why?____________________________________________ Can you prove it? (if yes, proceed. If no, go back 1 step) Y N Why?____________________________________________ Can you prove it? (if yes, proceed. If no, go back 1 step) Y N Problem Investigation Worksheet Ask Why Five Times 什么出了什么問題 ? 為什么 ?____________________________________________ 你能證實(shí)嗎? (若肯定,繼續(xù),若否定,回到上一步) 是 否 為什么 ?____________________________________________ 你能證實(shí)嗎 ? (若肯定,繼續(xù),若否定,回到上一步) 是 否 為什么 ?____________________________________________ 你能證實(shí)嗎 ? (若肯定,繼續(xù),若否定,回到上一步) 是 否 為什么 ?____________________________________________ 你能證實(shí)嗎 ? (若肯定,繼續(xù),若否定,回到上一步) 是 否 為什么 ?____________________________________________ 你能證實(shí)嗎 ? (若肯定,繼續(xù),若否定,回到上一步) 是 否 問題調(diào)查表 問 5遍為什么 5 Why’s Example ? Initial problem statement… – M46 pumps are leaking at pressure decay. ? Why? – The fastener torque is low. ? Can you prove it? – Yes, the torque was measured below spec. ? Why? – The torque tool is not calibrated. ? Can you prove it? – No, there could be many reasons for low torque. ? Final problem statement… – The fastener torque is below spec on some M46 pumps prior to pressure decay test. 5個(gè)為什么的范例 ? 最初的問題描述 … – M46 泵在壓力測(cè)漏試驗(yàn)中泄漏 . ? 為什么 ? – 緊固件扭矩低 . ? 你能證明嗎 ? – 是的,經(jīng)過測(cè)量此扭矩沒有達(dá)到規(guī)定要求 . ? 為什么 ? – 這個(gè)扳手沒有被校準(zhǔn) . ? 你能證明嗎 ? – 不,很多原因可能造成低扭矩的 . ? 最后的問題描述 … – 在一些 M46泵中的緊固件扭矩在測(cè)漏試驗(yàn)前低于規(guī)定要求 Customer Expectation and Our Vision 客戶的期望和我們解決的前景 ? Customer Expectation ? 客戶的期望 – What will the situation look like to the customer after the 8D is finished? – 8D完成后客戶的情形如何? – Get customer agreement. – 取得客戶的認(rèn)同。 ? Vision Statement ? 遠(yuǎn)景描述 – What will our process look like internally to meet the customer expectation? – 我們什么樣的工藝流程會(huì)滿足客戶所期望的? Expectation Vision Example 客戶的期望和我們解決的前景范例 ? Customer expectation... ? 客戶的期望 ... – Leaks on M46 pumps (in the first 1000 hours of pump life) must not exceed 50 DPM. – M46 泵的泄漏 (在最初的 1000小時(shí)泵壽命內(nèi) )不能超過 50DPM. ? Vision... ? 解決的前景 ... – We will have a process that torques M46 fasteners to the production spec with a cpk 2. – 我們將會(huì)設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)工藝來確保 M46的扭矩在規(guī)定范圍內(nèi) (cpk2) Step 2: Required Information Problem Statement: Who (Customer, end user,) W