重工業(yè)向現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)型(編輯修改稿)
2025-02-04 00:07 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 的利用REHABILITATED AREAS 復原地區(qū) ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION FOR RECREATIONAL USE 重建環(huán)境，用于休閑娛樂 SAND AND GRAVEL OPERATION, VIRGINIA, USA 美國弗吉尼亞州，治理沙礫 POSTMINING LAND USE原采礦土地的利用REHABILITATED AREAS 復原地區(qū) NEWLY PLANTED TREES AS A PART OF A REFORESTATION PLAN IN AN OPENCAST MINE 種植樹木是對該露天采礦場進行復原的一部分 INVESTMENT PROMOTION 促進投資 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 總則 ? INVESTMENT PROMOTION: ALL THE TASKS PERFORMED IN ORDER TO ATTRACT NEW INVESTMENTS TO A CERTAIN GEOGRAPHICAL AREA IN ORDER TO GENERATE NEW JOBS AND RICHNESS AND TO FOSTER ECONOMIC ACTIVITY 促進投資： 在一定地理區(qū)域內(nèi)，所有為吸引投資采取的舉措都是為了創(chuàng)造新的就業(yè)機會和財富以及促進經(jīng)濟活動。 ? IN TODAY’S GLOBALIZED WORLD, ALMOST EVERY REGION HAS SET UP AN INVESTMENT PROMOTION BUREAU ?在當前全球化的趨勢下，幾乎所有地區(qū)都成立了招商引資局。 ? GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION (NORMALLY AT REGIONAL/LOCAL LEVEL) IS REQUIRED ?需要政府干預（通常是地區(qū) /當?shù)卣母深A） ? EXCESS OFFERS LEADS TO FIERCE COMPETITION, THUS MAKING IT NECESSARY TO DEVELOP IMAGINATIVE AND ATTRACTIVE ADVANTAGE PACKAGES ?供過于求導致了激烈的競爭，因此有必要開發(fā)有創(chuàng)造性和吸引力的產(chǎn)品組合。 ? A SUCCESSFUL INDUSTRIAL PROMOTION POLICY GUARANTEES THE FUTURE OF A COMMUNITY ?成功的招商引資政策可以保證社區(qū)未來的發(fā)展 ? INVESTMENT PROMOTION IS THE KEY TO FUTURE PROSPERITY 促進投資是未來經(jīng)濟繁榮的關(guān)鍵 INVESTMENT PROMOTION促進投資 MAIN ADVANTAGES OF MINING AREAS AFTER MINE CLOSURE INDUSTRIAL GROUND AVAILABLE RICH INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE NEED FOR NEW EMPLOYERS AVAILABILITY OF WORKERS INDUSTRIAL CULTURE AND TRADITION 礦井關(guān)閉后，原采礦區(qū)的主要優(yōu)勢 獲得工業(yè)用地 豐富的行業(yè)遺產(chǎn) 對新企業(yè)的需求 獲得勞動力 工業(yè)文化和傳統(tǒng) Hambach opencast mine, Germany INVESTMENT PROMOTION促進投資 ? INSTRUMENTS: MUST BE CARRIED OUT BY A SPECIFIC ORGANISM CREATED TO FULFIL THIS TASK IN MOST CASES IT IS A VENTURE CAPITAL SOCIETY 文書： 必須成立一個專門的組織來完成這項任務(wù)。大多數(shù)情況，這是一個風險投資團體。 ? GEOGRAPHICAL SCOPE: NOT TOO BIG, NOT TOO SMALL, AT LEAST SUPRACOMUNAL ?地理范圍：不能太大，不能太小，至少是一個大社區(qū) ? WHO MUST BE REPRESENTED IN THIS BODY? EVERY CASE IS SPECIAL, BUT AT LEAST SOME OF THE FOLLOWING SOCIAL AGENTS: REGIONAL GOVERNMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENTS UNIONS BUSINESSMEN’S ASSOCIATIONS FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS MINING COMPANIES 這個機構(gòu)必須包括哪些主體？ 每個案例都不完全相同，但至少應(yīng)具備下列社會因素： 地區(qū)政府 當?shù)卣? 工會 商人協(xié)會 金融機構(gòu) 采礦公司 ? WHO SHOULD PROVIDE THE FUNDS? NATIONAL/REGIONAL/LOCAL GOVERNMENTS MINING COMPANIES PRIVATE INVESTORS 由誰提供基金？ 國家 /地區(qū) /當?shù)卣? 采礦公司 個體投資者 COAL INDUSTRY RESTRUCTURING煤炭業(yè)重組 EUROPEAN EXPERIENCES歐洲經(jīng)驗 ? COAL INDUSTRY RESTRUCTURING HAS BEEN AN ONGOING PROCESS FOR THE LAST 50 YEARS IN DIFFERENT EUROPEAN COUNTRIES ?過去的 50年中，歐洲的很多國家都在對煤炭業(yè)進行重組 ? EACH COUNTRY HAS HAD A DIFFERENT APPROACH TO THIS PROBLEM ?每個國家采取的方式有所不同 COAL INDUSTRY RESTRUCTURING 煤炭行業(yè)重組 EUROPEAN EXPERIENCES歐洲的經(jīng)驗 BELGIUM比利時 ? INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT PLAN THAT INCORPORATED BOTH MINE CLOSURES AND THE CREATION OF ALTERNATIVE EMPLOYMENT ?將關(guān)閉礦井和創(chuàng)造新的就業(yè)機會相結(jié)合，納入綜合管理計劃之中 ? TRAINING PROGRAMS TAILORED TO INDIVIDUAL NEEDS ?根據(jù)個體需要調(diào)整培訓方案 ? PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON INMIGRANT COMMUNITIES IN THE COAL MINING AREAS ?特別需要注意采礦地區(qū)的移民區(qū) FRANCE法國 ? STRONGLY STRUCTURED APPROACH ?強有力的管理方式 ? THE STATE OWNED COAL PRODUCING COMPANY HAD A RESPONSIBILITY TO FIND ALTERNATIVE JOBS FOR ITS EMPLOYEES ?國有煤炭生產(chǎn)企業(yè)有責任為其員工找到新的工作 COAL INDUSTRY RESTRUCTURING煤炭業(yè)重組 EUROPEAN EXPERIENCES歐洲經(jīng)驗 GERMANY德國 ? DIFFERENT SITUATIONS IN EAST AND WEST GERMANY ?東德和西德情況不同 ? EAST GERMANY: RAPID CONTRACTION OF EMPLOYMENT IN LIGNITE MINES ?東德：褐煤業(yè)的就業(yè)率急速萎縮 ? WEST GERMANY: LONG TERM PLANNED DECLINE IN HARD COAL MINING EMPLOYMENT ?西德：無煙煤開采業(yè)的就業(yè)長期按計劃減少 ? “SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE” APPROACH TO MINE CLOSURES AND THE IMPACT ON MINING COMMUNITIES ?以“社會上可接受的”方式關(guān)閉煤礦并減小對采礦區(qū)的影響 THE NETHERLANDS荷蘭 ? TOTAL COAL MINING CLOSURE IN THE EARLY 1970s ?早在 20世紀 70年代就關(guān)閉了所有的煤礦 ? IT IS POSSIBLE TO STUDY THE LONG TERM SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF COAL INDUSTRY RESTRUCTURING ?無法研究煤炭業(yè)重組對社會和經(jīng)濟的長期影響 COAL INDUSTRY RESTRUCTURING煤炭業(yè)重組 EU
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