服務運作管理整合的視角(編輯修改稿)
2025-01-23 22:57 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 goods, it is being clear that boundaries between manufacturing panies and service providers are increasingly blurred 28 THE GROWING IMPORTANCE OF SERVICES ? Economists like to divide our industries into three or sometimes even four broad sectors: ? The primary sector – farming, forestry and fishing. ? The secondary sector – the industrial sector, including gas, mining and manufacturing, electricity, water and construction. ? The tertiary sector – a synonym for the service sector. 29 Role of Services in an Economy INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICE Communications Transportation Utilities Banking PERSONAL SERVICES Healthcare Restaurants Hotels CONSUMER (Selfservice) GOVERNMENT SERVICES Military Education Judicial Police and fire protection DISTRIBUTION SERVICES Wholesaling Retailing Repairing FINANCIAL SERVICES Financing Leasing Insurance MANUFACTURING Services inside pany: Finance Accounting Legal RD and design BUSINESS SERVICES Consulting Auditing Advertising Waste disposal 129 30 The contribution of services to the creation of wealth ? The service sector has experienced a steady increase in importance in the world economy. ? The service sector can be consider a general trend. ? But, the development of the service sector is different between the developed countries and the developing countries. 31 Distribution of GDP in the US Economy Product Services Physical Information 6% 10% 31% 53% 37% 63% 84% 16% D B A C 131 32 ? Nowadays, over twothirds of all employment in developed countries is in these service sector. ? The US also heads the list of the service sector’s share in employment, with almost threequarters of all 1999 employment in the service sector. Why? The contribution of services to the creation of wealth 33 ? Distributive services include transportation, munication and trade. ? Producer services involve services such as investment banking, insurance,engineering, accounting, bookkeeping and legal services. 34 ? Social services include health care, education, nonprofit anizations and government agencies. ? Personal services include tourism, dry cleaning, recreational services and domestic services. 35 The contribution of services to the creation of wealth 36 Belgium France Japan Netherlands United Kingdom Average of developed countries Average of developed coutries: Europe 1970 56 47 53 55 1980 66 64 54 65 59 62 1990 69 70 56 68 67 64 68 1999 73 74 74 71 71 Contribution of service sector to GDP in some developed countries, 197099 (%) Source: UNCTAD (2023) Services presently amount to an average of 70 per cent of GDP in these economies. 37 ? The situation is slightly different in the formerly Communist countries of Eastern Europe 38 Figure Contribution of service sector to employment, 1999 (%) Contribution of service sector to employment, 1999 (%) Source: UNCTAD (2023) 39 Driving forces behind the growth of services (reasons) ? Increasing consumer ines and sociological changes have led to a greater demand for services. ? Increasing professionalism in panies and technological changes have brought about the creation of new services, notably of producer services. 40 Driving forces behind the growth of services ? The impact of ine changes on buying behaviour People with higher ines tend to spend more on se
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