xxxx第三章經(jīng)濟(jì)核算與環(huán)境(編輯修改稿)
2025-01-20 10:23 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 capital accumulation – By technology raising productivity 二、貧富差異的原因 ★ Why are some countries rich and some poor? 自然資源和條件差異 Natural resources conditions 增長(zhǎng)率不同 Growth rate – Why have some grown more than others? 2023/1/19 13 Why Economic Growth seems desirable: 1. 人均壽命與人均 GDP的關(guān)系 Longevity?and GDP/capita 2023/1/19 14 GDP的關(guān)系 Infant mortality and GDP/capita 2023/1/19 15 GDP的關(guān)系 Literacy and GDP/capita 2023/1/19 16 幸福感與人均收入 Happiness and Ine per capita 2023/1/19 17 三、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的趨動(dòng)力 ★ What Drives Economic Growth? P146 ? 一定時(shí)期內(nèi)的生產(chǎn)函數(shù)取決于 資本存量和勞動(dòng)力 Within a period: Production function – Capital stock, Labor ? 不同時(shí)期則取決于 Changes between periods – 儲(chǔ)蓄、投資和資本積累 Savings, investment capital accumulation – 技術(shù)進(jìn)步 Technological change P156 ? Endogenous (function of RD investment in knowledge and human capital) ? Exogenous 2023/1/19 18 經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)模型 Modeling Economic Growth: 1) 生產(chǎn)函數(shù) Production Function P147 National Ine = output (Y) Y = f(capital, labor, natural resources) Treat NR as a special category (of capital) Y = f (K, L, R) Y= Kα Lβ Rδ CobbDouglas Production Function (α+β+δ =1 for constant returns to scale) Y= (解釋模型 illustrative model) 2023/1/19 19 2)儲(chǔ)蓄、投資和資本積累 Savings, Investment and Capital accumulation P149 ? S = sY s = savings rate ? St = It I = Investment ? Kt = Kt1 + It More you save, larger is capital stock next year, hence higher your output If Savings rate Population growth – Then capital per worker is increasing, so more output per capita – But declining marginal productivity of capital, so rate of ine growth declining (due to shape of production function) 2023/1/19 20 技術(shù)與效率 Technology and Productivity P155 生產(chǎn)函數(shù) Y= 加上效率因素 (a, b, c) Y= 如果 a, b or c ≠ ，結(jié)果會(huì)怎么樣？ What if a, b or c ≠ ? 2023/1/19 21 Productivity and grow
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