【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 tee system． 信用擔(dān)保法律制度的嚴(yán)重滯后作為國(guó)家金融支持政策重要的組成部分,中小企業(yè)信用擔(dān)保體系需要專業(yè)的法律法規(guī)。就這一點(diǎn)而言，中國(guó)有關(guān)中小企業(yè)信用擔(dān)保行業(yè)的法律法規(guī)主要的公司法，擔(dān)保法。中小企業(yè)促進(jìn)法以及由當(dāng)?shù)卣罁?jù)相關(guān)政策制定的部門規(guī)則和規(guī)范。其中，公司法沒有為擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)制定特定條例，擔(dān)保法調(diào)整企業(yè)和自然人作為非專業(yè)保證作為并且關(guān)心債權(quán)人的利益。但是沒有明確解釋專業(yè)擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)和退出市場(chǎng)的機(jī)制，業(yè)務(wù)范圍和種類、員工資格,財(cái)務(wù)內(nèi)部控制制度，行業(yè)自律和政府監(jiān)管等問題。一些已出臺(tái)的政策政府只能在狹小的范圍適用，因此，我國(guó)現(xiàn)行保護(hù)擔(dān)保行業(yè)的法律制度的發(fā)展落后于工業(yè)的發(fā)展。市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入、。3 Proposals to Perfect Credit Guarantee System improve guarantee industrialization by establishing multimodality guarantee institution according to reality It’s objective and essential for market economy to require guarantee acts to develop guarantee industrialization．According to SME situations at different stages．multi—modality guarantee institutions can be established．Those SME which own weak primitive accumulated capital and scarce funds at the initial stage can be supported by government to be a driven guarantee structure．For other SME which begin to take shape on capital accumulation in rising phase of the development，they can have chosen to bee shareholders and establish private mutual guarantee institutions based on the principle of mutual benefit and mutual assistance．3. 完善中小企業(yè)信用擔(dān)保制度的建議市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展擔(dān)保行業(yè)需要實(shí)際行動(dòng)是客觀和關(guān)鍵的，依據(jù)不同國(guó)家的中小企業(yè)現(xiàn)狀，可以建立多規(guī)模的擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)，在初步階段政府可以支持那些原始積累資金軟弱基金稀缺的中小企業(yè)成為驅(qū)動(dòng)擔(dān)保結(jié)構(gòu)。對(duì)于其他中小企業(yè)資本積累階段在不斷發(fā)展開始成型,他們可能已經(jīng)選擇成為股東并且在互惠互利互助原則基礎(chǔ)上建立私人互助性擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)。3．2 To establish SME credit guarantee fund SME Credit Guarantee Fund is mainly financed by government and other institutions．groups and relevant mercial banks set up specialized agencies to guarantee for loans bank．But it also raises capital directly from the financial market．When guaranteed panies can not repay debt．Credit Guarantee Fund assumes responsibility to liquidate debts．SME which receive the service from Credit Guarantee Fund must Pay a certain fee．Taiwan，”small and medium—sized kingdom，”as early as 1 974，has established the”SME Credit Guarantee Fund”。which is bined with SME Bank，SME Development Fund to bee an important ponent of SME financing counseling system． 建立中小企業(yè)信用擔(dān)保資金中小企業(yè)信用擔(dān)保資金主要由政府和其他機(jī)構(gòu)融資，組織和有關(guān)商業(yè)銀行設(shè)立專門機(jī)構(gòu),以保障貸款銀行，但是在金融市場(chǎng)直接增加了資金。當(dāng)擔(dān)保公司不能歸還貸款，信用擔(dān)?；鸪袚?dān)清算債務(wù)的責(zé)任，接受信用擔(dān)?；鸱?wù)的中小企業(yè)必須付一定費(fèi)用。有“中小企業(yè)王國(guó)”之稱的臺(tái)灣早在1974年，就建立了中小企業(yè)信用擔(dān)?；?，它結(jié)合了中小企業(yè)銀行，中小企業(yè)發(fā)展基金，使它變成金融咨詢服務(wù)體系的一個(gè)重要組成部分。3．3 To establish guarantee fund supplementary systemTo supplement fund must stick to the policy that government is the primary and the society is auxiliary to collect money from all aspects．As a result of security charges are often not sufficient for pensatory loss. guarantee services for SME can directly promote the development and increase the revenue，and therefore，SME credit guarantee funds can not be just one—time．Government should consider supporting SME as a long—term task．A longterm institutional planning should be made and guarantee funds will be included in the annual government budget for guarantee activities to provide as table funding source．At the same time．various measures should be taken to encourage the mercial banks．corporations and fund holders to give financial assistance for the guarantee fund．And the development mechanisms of dynamic and open guarantee funds should be established． 建立擔(dān)?；鹧a(bǔ)充體系補(bǔ)充基金必須堅(jiān)持政府為主，社會(huì)為輔，從各方面籌集資金的政策。由于安全費(fèi)用通常是不充分的賠償損失。中小企業(yè)擔(dān)保業(yè)務(wù),可以直接促進(jìn)自身發(fā)展和增加財(cái)政收入, 因此,中小企業(yè)信用保證基金可以并不只是一次性的。應(yīng)該考慮支持中小企業(yè)作為一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的使命，應(yīng)長(zhǎng)期制度規(guī)劃,保證資金將被納入年度政府預(yù)算,保證活動(dòng),提供作為餐桌上的資金來(lái)源。應(yīng)該建立動(dòng)態(tài)的，開放的保障基金發(fā)展機(jī)制。3．4 To adjust operation mode of guarantee fund According to overseas experiences．credit guarantee system is impossible to operate well without cooperation of mercial banks．As guarantee institutions not only provide a credit guarantee for SME．but also reduces the credit risk of mercial banks，great support should be made for guarantee activities in mercial banks．Because of operation mode of guarantee funds and others．the domestic mercial banks are not positive to guarantee．To mobilize the enthusiasm of the mercial banks the following approaches can be taken．Government provides SME risk subsidies directly towards mercial banks regulate relations between the banks and guarantee institutions．make a clear risk—sharing ratio of banks and guarantee institutions, strengthen mercial banks inspection and evaluate the responsibility of SME loans and obligations of non—performing loans． 調(diào)整擔(dān)保資金的運(yùn)行方式根據(jù)國(guó)外成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)，信用擔(dān)保系統(tǒng)沒有商業(yè)銀行的協(xié)作是不可能操作好的，由于擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)不僅提供為中小企業(yè)提供信用擔(dān)保，也降低了商業(yè)銀行的信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，在商業(yè)銀行擔(dān)?；顒?dòng)必須有強(qiáng)大的支撐，由于保障資金的運(yùn)作模式及其它原因，國(guó)內(nèi)商業(yè)銀行對(duì)擔(dān)保業(yè)務(wù)并不積極，要調(diào)動(dòng)商業(yè)銀行的積極性要做到以下幾點(diǎn)：政府直接向商業(yè)銀行提供中小企業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)津貼，調(diào)整銀行和擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系，在銀行和擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)之間制作一個(gè)清晰的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分擔(dān)比例，加強(qiáng)對(duì)商業(yè)銀行的檢查，評(píng)估中小企業(yè)貸款的義務(wù)和不良貸款的的責(zé)任3．5 To formulate legal system to make credit guarantee observe laws China should learn from successful foreign experience of some developed countries to make SME credit guarantee law as soon as possible on the basis of domestic situation and continuous summary．We should make provision in guarantee qualification，access system，conduct codes，legal liability, risk．taking and so on to enable the SM E credit guarantee institutions regulate the operation．Prevent risks and protect their legitimate rights and interests in accordance with the law．At the same time SME bank regulations，SME developing funds regulations and Others related to SME financing should be considered to be stated and implemented．In such way it will perfect SME credit guarantee system under the protection of related provisions a