【正文】 e a constitutional foundation and capability to solve the market problems．What’s more，as SME loans gap is a market phenomenon，the market itself has mechanism．motivation and capacity to solve it．that is to say, private capital gives loan guarantees in the SME loan market．In fact．because of the large quantity and wide—ranged SME．personalized loans demand．a(chǎn)nd everincreasing enterprises annually, it39。s impossible for government which fulfills the macro—control and social management functions to play a leading role in SME guarantee system without enough capital．Therefore．it is unnecessary and impossible for SME credit guarantee system to overdependent on government．2我國信用擔(dān)保體系存在的主要問題中小企業(yè)信用擔(dān)保體系主要結(jié)構(gòu)問題就是：政府過多的擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)和擔(dān)保貸款而私立物擔(dān)保（包括互助性擔(dān)保和商業(yè)擔(dān)保）僅有一點(diǎn)比例?？傊?，中小企業(yè)信用擔(dān)保是一個市場現(xiàn)象,因?yàn)樗饕怯捎谥行∑髽I(yè)財(cái)務(wù)困難。在市場經(jīng)濟(jì)中政府像微觀調(diào)控者和社會管理者樣的存在并且操作和規(guī)范市場，制定和維持市場規(guī)則，政府明顯沒有憲法基礎(chǔ)和能力去解決市場問題，另外，因?yàn)橹行∑髽I(yè)貸款缺口是一個市場現(xiàn)象，市場本身有機(jī)制、動機(jī)和能力來解決這個問題，就是說，私人資本給中小企業(yè)貸款市場提供了貸款擔(dān)保。實(shí)際上，由于中小企業(yè)的數(shù)量多，范圍廣，個人化的貸款需求，每年有越來越多的企業(yè)，政府沒有足夠的資金不可能充當(dāng)中小企業(yè)擔(dān)保體系的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者去踐行微觀控制和社會管理的功能。所以，中小企業(yè)信用擔(dān)保體系不需要也不可能過多的依賴政府。2．2 The operation management problems in SME credit guarantee system The operating management problems in SME Credit guarantee system is mainly reflected in four aspects：funds pensation mechanism，risk dispersed mechanism，guarantee variety and guarantee personnel．The capital sources of government guarantee institutions mainly e from financial funds and assets of local governments and guarantee fee as a supplement．However, local financial resources and assets are in a onetimescale while government guarantees institution as a nonprofit one charge very low guarantee fee．Therefore government guarantee institutions are lack of funds pensation mechanism．That is why the bank is afraid of releasing too much loans for SME although there are so many government guarantee agencies．Commercial guarantee institutions are also lack of the same mechanism because of their less capital power．The majority of mercial guarantee institutions make high guarantee fee as fund pensation．Some institutions charge guarantee fees in accordance with the half of loans interest rates and some institutions charge more than it．In fact．the need of specialized guarantee institutions for SME loans lie in that their own credit is low．neither are there qualified guaranteed things nor do find a guarantor of non—financial intermediaries．Too much counter．Guarantee demands from guarantee institutions lead that the institutions can not solve the loans difficulty making guarantee applications put forward by SME redundant and violate the aim of establishment of SME guarantee system．Guarantee industry is a highly specialized which requires personnel not only have financial，security and other knowledge，but also highly familiar with every aspect of business operations．Besides talent lack．China has not yet established an access system to guarantee qualification and penalty mechanism for breaking a promise．which also led to the incapability and disqualification of the existing employees．Guarantee varieties are poor and the guaranteed time is short．At present．The majority of our loans are guaranteed in the 6 months not exceeding one year．The guarantee things are basically confined to long—term loan guarantees such as circulation capital，rare equipments，technology innovation and so on． 中小企業(yè)信用擔(dān)保體系的操作管理問題中小企業(yè)信用擔(dān)保體系的操作管理問題主要反映在四個方面：資金補(bǔ)償機(jī)制，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分散機(jī)制，擔(dān)保種類和擔(dān)保人員。政府擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)的的資金來源主要來源于金融資金，當(dāng)?shù)卣馁Y產(chǎn)還有補(bǔ)充的保障費(fèi)。不管怎樣，盡管政府擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)作為一個非盈利機(jī)構(gòu)僅要很低的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)，但是當(dāng)?shù)刎?cái)政資源和資產(chǎn)是一次性投資。因此政府擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)缺少基金補(bǔ)償機(jī)制，這就是為什么銀行害怕為中小企盡釋放太多的貸款管有如此多的政府擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu),商業(yè)擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)也同樣缺少這樣的機(jī)制，因?yàn)闆]有足夠的資金力量。大多數(shù)的商業(yè)擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)使用高擔(dān)保費(fèi)用作為基金的補(bǔ)償。一些機(jī)構(gòu)依照保證貸款利率的一半收取保證費(fèi)用,還有些機(jī)構(gòu)收取超過它。事實(shí)上，中小企業(yè)需要特別的擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)因?yàn)樗麄兊男庞枚绕?，既不合格保證事情也不找一個非金融中介機(jī)構(gòu)的擔(dān)保人。太多的柜臺，擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)的擔(dān)保需求導(dǎo)致機(jī)構(gòu)不能解決貸款困難使得中小企業(yè)提出了過多的擔(dān)保申請，違反了建立中小企業(yè)擔(dān)保體系的目的。擔(dān)保行業(yè)是一個高度專業(yè)的,這就需要人員不僅有財(cái)務(wù)、安全及其他知識,但也非常熟悉每一方面的業(yè)務(wù)。除了人才缺乏，我國還沒有為違反擔(dān)保條約建立一個合適擔(dān)保資格和處罰機(jī)制。這也導(dǎo)致了現(xiàn)有的從業(yè)人員沒有能力勝任這項(xiàng)工作，擔(dān)保事項(xiàng)基本上局限于長期貸款擔(dān)保,如流通股本,罕見的設(shè)備、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新等。2．3 The lag of credit guarantee legal construction As an important ponent of national financial support policy, SME credit guarantee system needs specialized laws and regulations．In this regard．1aws and regulations concerning with SME credit guarantee industry in China are mainly Company Law, Guarantee Law, SME Promotion Law as well as departmental rules and 1ocal regulations made by local governments according to relevant policies．Among them．Company Law does not make special regulations for guarantee institutions and Guarantee Law adjusts nonprofessional guarantee acts of enterprises and natural persons and concerns with the protection of the creditors’interests．However it not yet clearly defines market access and withdrawal of the specialized guarantee institutions，business range and variety, qualification of employees，financial and internal control system．industry selfregulation and government regulation and other issues．0ther issued policies have been suitable for government guarantee institution in a narrow scope of application．Therefore．the current national development of legal system on the protection of guarantee industry lags behind the development of the industry．Therefore，market access，business operations and market withdrawal are in a laissez—faire state．which has seriously hindered the sound development of the credit guaran