【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 hat amp。8230。有人曾經(jīng)說amp。8230。amp。8230。(3)將英語原文中的by, in, for等做狀語的介詞短語翻譯成譯文的主語,在此情況下,英語原文中的主語一般被翻譯成賓語。例如:例1. A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor.原子反應堆需要一種合適的燃料。例2. By the end of the war, 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of 200 Belgian and French lives.大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束時,這個組織拯救了八百人,但那是以二百多比利時人和法國人的生命為代價的。例3. And it is imagined by many that the operations of the mon mind can be by no means pared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. (93年考題)許多人認為,普通人的思維活動根本無法與科學家的思維過程相比,而且認為這些思維過程必須經(jīng)過某種專門的訓練才能掌握。(4)翻譯成漢語的無主句。例如:例1. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit.應該盡最大努力告? nbsp|年輕人吸煙的危害,特別是吸上煙癮后的可怕后果。(82年考題)例2. By this procedure, different honeys have been found to vary widely in the sensitivity of their inhibit to heat.通過這種方法分析發(fā)現(xiàn)不同種類的蜂蜜的抗菌活動對熱的敏感程度也極為不同。例4. Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century, the strangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft.在我們這個世紀內(nèi)研制了許多新奇的交通工具,其中最奇特的也許就是氣墊船了。例5. New source of energy must be found, and this will take timeamp。8230。.必須找到新的能源，這需要時間amp。8230。amp。8230。(91年考題)另外,下列結(jié)構(gòu)也可以通過這一手段翻譯:It is hoped that amp。8230。希望amp。8230。amp。8230。It is reported that amp。8230。據(jù)報道amp。8230。amp。8230。It is said that amp。8230。據(jù)說amp。8230。amp。8230。It is supposed that amp。8230。據(jù)推測amp。8230。amp。8230。It may be said without fear of exaggeration that amp。8230?？梢院敛豢鋸埖卣famp。8230。amp。8230。It must be admitted that amp。8230。必須承認amp。8230。amp。8230。It must be pointed out that amp。8230。必須指出amp。8230。amp。8230。It will be seen from this that amp。8230。由此可見amp。8230。amp。8230。(5)翻譯成帶表語的主動句。例如:例1. The decision to attack was not taken lightly.進攻的決定不是輕易作出的。例2. On the whole such an conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being pared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed. (92年考題)總的來說,得出這種結(jié)論是有一定程度把握的,但必須具備兩個條件:能夠假定這個孩子對測試的態(tài)度和與他比較的另一個孩子的態(tài)度相同。他也沒有因為缺乏別的孩子已掌握的有關知識而被扣分。(注意上述翻譯技巧在該句翻譯中的綜合運用。)。英語中的許多被動句可以翻譯成漢語的被動句。常用amp。8220。被amp。8221。, amp。8220。給amp。8221。, amp。8220。遭amp。8221。, amp。8220。挨amp。8221。, amp。8220。為amp。8230。amp。8230。所amp。8221。, amp。8220。使amp。8221。, amp。8220。由amp。8230。amp。8221。, amp。8220。受到amp。8221。等表示。例如:例1. Early fires on the earth were certainly caused by nature, not by Man.地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是人類引燃的。例2. These signals are produced by colliding stars or nuclear reactions in outer space.這些訊號是由外層空間的星球碰撞或者核反應所造成的。例3. Natural light or amp。8220。whiteamp。8221。 light is actually made up of many colours.自然光或者amp。8220。白光amp。8221。實際上是由許多種顏色組成的。例4. The behaviour of a fluid flowing through a pipe is affected by a number of factors, including the viscosity of the fluid and the speed at which it is pumped.流體在管道中流動的情況,受到諸如流體粘度、泵送速度等各種因素的影響。例5. They may have been a source of part of the atmosphere of the terrestrial planets, and they are believed to have been the planetesimallike building blocks for some of the outer planets and their satellites.它們可能一直是地球行星的一部分大氣的來源。它們還被認為是構(gòu)成外部行星以及其衛(wèi)星的一種類似微星的基礎材料。例6. Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. (95年考題)工具和技術本身作為根本性創(chuàng)新的源泉多年來在很大程度上被科學史學家和科學思想家們忽視了。例7. Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. (95年考題)政府是以減少技術的經(jīng)費投入來增加純理論科學的經(jīng)費投入,還是相反,這