保險(xiǎn)供求互動(dòng)關(guān)系的一般特征及其原因分析(編輯修改稿)
2025-07-26 09:49 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 他們可以串謀共同抬高價(jià)格。一些學(xué)者注意到了由于美國(guó)保險(xiǎn)業(yè)不受聯(lián)邦反托拉斯法的限制，保險(xiǎn)公司是否會(huì)進(jìn)行聯(lián)合性定價(jià)抬高價(jià)格，從而進(jìn)一步加劇“緊縮市場(chǎng)”上的保險(xiǎn)供求矛盾和保險(xiǎn)的可獲得性問(wèn)題。Angoff(1988)認(rèn)為一些費(fèi)率咨詢(xún)機(jī)構(gòu)（如ISO）建議的費(fèi)率或損失成本估計(jì)會(huì)在寬松市場(chǎng)時(shí)期刺激保險(xiǎn)公司的價(jià)格削減；在緊縮市場(chǎng)時(shí)期導(dǎo)致保險(xiǎn)公司串謀抬高價(jià)格，從而加劇保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率和保險(xiǎn)供求的波動(dòng)。也有一些人認(rèn)為保險(xiǎn)公司間的聯(lián)合定價(jià)有助于限制在寬松市場(chǎng)上大量的費(fèi)率削減行為，從而減少費(fèi)率的波動(dòng)，而且沒(méi)有證據(jù)表明聯(lián)合定價(jià)導(dǎo)致或影響了緊縮市場(chǎng)。[8]市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率的影響是不確定的，但由于保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的日益激烈，保險(xiǎn)公司間的聯(lián)合定價(jià)是不穩(wěn)定的，而且由于在寬松市場(chǎng)上很多非理性的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為，寬松市場(chǎng)上的定價(jià)聯(lián)盟更容易被違反。一些人認(rèn)為，保險(xiǎn)業(yè)的市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的，保險(xiǎn)公司之間不會(huì)串謀。保險(xiǎn)公司能獨(dú)立進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)劃分和費(fèi)率的報(bào)批報(bào)備，而且其擁有偏離費(fèi)率局建議的費(fèi)率的自主權(quán)。參考文獻(xiàn)：[1]Cummins, J. David, and Fran231。ois Outreville. “An International Analysis ofUnderwriting Cycles in PropertyLiability Insurance.” Journal of Risk and Insurance ,1987, 54 (2): 246–62.[2] LammTennant, Joan, and Mary A. Weiss. “International Insurance Cycles: Rational Expectations/Institutional Intervention.” Journal of Risk and Insurance 1997, 64 (3): 415–39.[3] Chen, Renbao, Kie Ann Wong, and Hong Chew Lee. “Underwriting Cycles in Asia.” Journal of Risk and Insurance. 1999, 66 (1, March): 29–47.[4] Cummins, , Scott E. Harrington, and Robert W. Klein, eds., Cycles and Crises in Property/Casualty Insurance: Causes and Implications for Public Policy, Journal of Insurance Regulation, 1992(11):5093.[5]Venezian, Emilio. “Ratemaking Methods and Profit Cycles in Property and Liability Insurance.” Journal of Risk and Insurance ,1985, 52 (3): 477–500.[6]Niehaus, Greg, and Andy Terry. “Evidence on the TimeSeries Properties of Insurance Premiums and Causes of the Underwriting Cycle: New Support for the Capital Market Imperfection Hypothesis.” Journal of Risk and Insurance 1993, 60 (3):466–79.[7]Cummins, J. David, and Fran231。ois Outreville. “An International Analysis of Underwriting Cycles in PropertyLiability Insurance.” Journal of Risk and Insurance ,1987, 54 (2): 246–62.[8] Winter, Ralph A. “The Liability Crisis and the Dynamics of Competitive Insurance Markets.” Yale Journal on Regulation .1988, 5 (2): 455–99.[13]Cummins, , Scott E. Harriongton, and Robert W. Klein, eds., Cycles and Crises in Property/Casualty Insurance: Causes and Implications for Public Policy, Journal of Insurance Regulation, 1992(11):5093.[9]Harrington, Scott E., and Patricia Danzon. “Price Cutting in Liability Insurance Markets.” Journal of Business 1994, 67 (4): 511–38.[10]Priest, George L. “The Current Insurance Crisis and Modern Tort Law.” Yale Law Journal. 1987, 9
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