中國(guó)有源相控陣技術(shù)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r及其戰(zhàn)略影響(編輯修改稿)
2024-07-25 22:02 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 前在眾多軍事防御論壇廣泛登載的J10B、J16和J20上AESA系統(tǒng)的T/R組件數(shù)量。Chinese defense forums have posted copies of the image above which claim to cite the J20’s AESA T/R module count at 1,856, the J16’s at 1,760, and the J10B at 1,200 T/R modules. It is likely the J10B is the first Chinese fighter aircraft to feature an AESA。 J10B units achieved initial operational capability (IOC) in October of 2014. The volume of the J10s nose cone is not substantially different from that of the F16 or the Israeli Lavi from which the J10 is partially based. Therefore, if one were to assume China had reached parity with the United States in packaging technology, the 1,200 T/R module figure would be plausible but slightly high. For parison, the APG80 AESA for the F16C/D Block 60 has 1,000 T/R modules (DSB, 2001). However, it is unlikely that China has been able to reach parity with the United States in terms of packaging technology on their first generation AESA design. Neither Russia nor Israel was able to field 1,000 T/R element arrays within their first generation fighter mounted AESAs for similar nose volumes as the F16 with the Mig35 and Israeli F16 respectively.中國(guó)軍事防御論壇上登載了圖片的副本，圖片聲稱(chēng)J20的AESA系統(tǒng)T/R組件數(shù)量為1856個(gè)，J16為1760個(gè)，J10B為1200個(gè)。J10B飛機(jī)可能是首款使用AESA系統(tǒng)的中國(guó)國(guó)產(chǎn)戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)；J10B單位在2014年10月形成初步作戰(zhàn)能力（IOC）。J10飛機(jī)的鼻錐部位空間與F16類(lèi)同，或被J10部分借鑒設(shè)計(jì)的以色列“獅”戰(zhàn)機(jī)。因此，如果有人假設(shè)中國(guó)已經(jīng)在封裝技術(shù)方面已經(jīng)或部分達(dá)到美國(guó)的水平，那么1200個(gè)T/R組件的數(shù)字可信度值得商榷，或至少略微被夸大了。作為比較，配裝F16C/D Block 60的APG80 AESA雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)擁有1000個(gè)T/R組件（美國(guó)國(guó)防科技局，2001）。然而，中國(guó)在第一代AESA系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)的封裝技術(shù)似乎不可能達(dá)到美國(guó)同期水平。無(wú)論是俄羅斯還是以色列，以與F16機(jī)頭鼻錐容積相類(lèi)似的Mig35和以色列F16，在其第一代AESA雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)中均未能放置1000個(gè)T/R組件。Russia’s first fighter mounted AESA radar, the ZhukAE, contained 652 T/R modules and was unveiled in 2007. The Israeli ELM2052 AESA radar, which has been marketed for both the F16 and the FA50 – a joint Korean Aerospace Industry and Lockheed Martin F16 derivative, has roughly 512 T/R modules (Trimble, 2014). The only firm outside of the United States that was able to produce a 1,000 T/R element within one generation was the French avionics firm Thales with its RB2E radar (Avionics Today, 2009). While the relative technological maturity of European, Israeli, and Russian AESAs is not directly indicative of the relative technological maturity of China’s packaging technology, it is an indicator that the first generation AESA produced by China is likely not on par with the US which is generally recognized as having the most technological mature T/R packaging technology (Kopp, 2014).俄羅斯首款裝備戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)的AESA雷達(dá)——ZhukAE，包含652個(gè)T/R組件，并在2007年首次公開(kāi)亮相。以色列的ELM2052 AESA雷達(dá)，在F16和FA50戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)上都擁有一定市場(chǎng)（后者是韓國(guó)聯(lián)合航空工業(yè)集團(tuán)在洛克希德馬丁公司F16上研發(fā)的一款戰(zhàn)機(jī)），據(jù)估計(jì)，該型雷達(dá)擁有約512個(gè)T/R組件（Trimble公司，2014）。除美國(guó)本土公司外，只有法國(guó)航空業(yè)Thales公司在第一代AESA雷達(dá)（RB2E）上使用超過(guò)1000個(gè)T/R組件（Avionics Today雜志，2009）。雖然歐洲、以色列和俄羅斯的AESA雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)所采用的封裝技術(shù)水平并不能直接說(shuō)明中國(guó)的封裝技術(shù)水平，但他們可作為參考，并說(shuō)明在第一代AESA雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)中，中國(guó)不可能擁有與美國(guó)相同的技術(shù)水平，而美國(guó)被廣泛承認(rèn)是掌握最先進(jìn)專(zhuān)業(yè)T/R組件封裝技術(shù)的國(guó)家（Kopp，2014）。Image 4: T/R module count of US AESAs based upon the 2001 Defense Science Board report Future DoD Airborne HighFrequency Radar Needs/Resources(link provided in Source 1 citation, refer to page 6). Image Credit: Air Power Australia, 2008.圖4：美國(guó)AESA系統(tǒng)T/R組件數(shù)量，數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)自美國(guó)國(guó)防科學(xué)委員會(huì)2001年報(bào)告《未來(lái)國(guó)防機(jī)載高頻雷達(dá)需求和資源》。The prospect of China’s TR packaging technology being on par with US firms within a single generation of radars is even more dubious when one examines the preference for an incremental tec
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