中國(guó)有源相控陣技術(shù)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r及其戰(zhàn)略影響-文庫(kù)吧資料
2025-07-04 22:02本頁(yè)面
【正文】 fairly substantial 260 T/R discrepancy between the J16 radar figure pared to the most advanced US and Russian AESA designs. Therefore, the author speculates it would be more reasonable to assume a figure between 1,200 and 1,500 TR modules for the J16 rather than the 1,760 figure.J16采用了Su27BS機(jī)身設(shè)計(jì)，從容量方面看，與F15和F22相同（Kopp，2012）。比如：朝峰（音譯）認(rèn)為，J10B和J16的AESA系統(tǒng)為裝備J20的AESA系統(tǒng)提供技術(shù)測(cè)試，而后者則是中國(guó)第二代有源相控雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)。The prospect of China’s TR packaging technology being on par with US firms within a single generation of radars is even more dubious when one examines the preference for an incremental technological development within the Chinese aerospace industry. Several Chinese aviation authors have hypothesized that the J10B serves as a “technological stepping stone” with respect to the development of the more advanced J20. For example, Feng Cao argues the J10B and the J16 AESAs were likely used to test technology related to the J20’s AESA which would be a second generation Chinese design. By virtue of the larger nose volumes in the J16 and J20 airframes, it is highly probable the two aircraft will feature radars with more T/R modules than the J10B’s radar. 通過(guò)參考中國(guó)航空工業(yè)的漸增性開發(fā)模式不難推測(cè)，在單獨(dú)一代雷達(dá)中，中國(guó)的封裝技術(shù)水平很難趕超美國(guó)同行。雖然歐洲、以色列和俄羅斯的AESA雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)所采用的封裝技術(shù)水平并不能直接說(shuō)明中國(guó)的封裝技術(shù)水平，但他們可作為參考，并說(shuō)明在第一代AESA雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)中，中國(guó)不可能擁有與美國(guó)相同的技術(shù)水平，而美國(guó)被廣泛承認(rèn)是掌握最先進(jìn)專業(yè)T/R組件封裝技術(shù)的國(guó)家（Kopp，2014）。以色列的ELM2052 AESA雷達(dá)，在F16和FA50戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)上都擁有一定市場(chǎng)（后者是韓國(guó)聯(lián)合航空工業(yè)集團(tuán)在洛克希德馬丁公司F16上研發(fā)的一款戰(zhàn)機(jī)），據(jù)估計(jì)，該型雷達(dá)擁有約512個(gè)T/R組件（Trimble公司，2014）。無(wú)論是俄羅斯還是以色列，以與F16機(jī)頭鼻錐容積相類似的Mig35和以色列F16，在其第一代AESA雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)中均未能放置1000個(gè)T/R組件。作為比較，配裝F16C/D Block 60的APG80 AESA雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)擁有1000個(gè)T/R組件（美國(guó)國(guó)防科技局，2001）。J10飛機(jī)的鼻錐部位空間與F16類同，或被J10部分借鑒設(shè)計(jì)的以色列“獅”戰(zhàn)機(jī)。 J10B units achieved initial operational capability (IOC) in October of 2014. The volume of the J10s nose cone is not substantially different from that of the F16 or the Israeli Lavi from which the J10 is partially based. Therefore, if one were to assume China had reached parity with the United States in packaging technology, the 1,200 T/R module figure would be plausible but slightly high. For parison, the APG80 AESA for the F16C/D Block 60 has 1,000 T/R modules (DSB, 2001). However, it is unlikely that China has been able to reach parity with the United States in terms of packaging technology on their first generation AESA design. Neither Russia nor Israel was able to field 1,000 T/R element arrays within their first generation fighter mounted AESAs for similar nose volumes as the F16 with the Mig35 and Israeli F16 respectively.中國(guó)軍事防御論壇上登載了圖片的副本，圖片聲稱J20的AESA系統(tǒng)T/R組件數(shù)量為1856個(gè)，J16為1760個(gè)，J10B為1200個(gè)。Image 3:The image which allegedly describes the number of TR modules within the J10B, J16, and J20 has been posted on numerous defense forums since at least December of 2013.圖3：該圖展示了截止2013年12月前在眾多軍事防御論壇廣泛登載的J10B、J16和J20上AESA系統(tǒng)的T/R組件數(shù)量。相比較傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)冷戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)雷達(dá)而言，AESA系統(tǒng)將更加可靠，但同時(shí)需要更高的功耗和更苛刻的散熱需求，通過(guò)發(fā)射更高功率電磁波信號(hào)，就可以獲得更遠(yuǎn)的目標(biāo)探測(cè)距離性能（但更高的發(fā)射功率同樣意味著雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)可能更早被敵方ESM或RWR設(shè)備偵測(cè)而暴露）。典型的液冷系統(tǒng)往往采用一個(gè)液壓泵驅(qū)動(dòng)冷卻液在天線的散熱管道中流動(dòng)，并最終通過(guò)冷卻液將熱量傳遞給熱交換機(jī)。在眾多已裝備的航電機(jī)載設(shè)備中所使用的傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)冷技術(shù)，并不適用于高密度封裝的AESA系統(tǒng)，因此，現(xiàn)代AESA系統(tǒng)采用液冷技術(shù)。與機(jī)械掃描（MSA）系統(tǒng)不同，風(fēng)冷散熱系統(tǒng)不足以防止散熱相關(guān)的系統(tǒng)故障以及由其引起的頻繁維修費(fèi)用：“Due to the behavior of microwave transistor amplifiers, the power efficiency of a TR module transmitter is typically less than 45%. As a result, an AESA will dissipate a lot of heat which must be extracted to prevent the transmitter chips
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