中國有源相控陣技術(shù)發(fā)展狀況及其戰(zhàn)略影響-資料下載頁
2025-06-28 22:02本頁面
【正文】 ate significant cooling problems. For example, Phazotron39。s single greatest difficulty in designing the ZukAE was the AESA39。s thermal management system (Kopp, 2008). Without an effective cooling system, the Type 1475 would not be reliable at peak power output and would cause significant maintenance issues. Furthermore, with such a high number of T/R modules, the Type 1475 would be vulnerable to radar warning receiver (RWR) systems such as the ALR94 without a very capable low probability intercept (LPI) mode.J20 AESA系統(tǒng)方案設計為1475型。J20的機頭鼻錐空間比F22更大，該款噴氣式飛機機身更長，重量更大，目前，尚未見有關(guān)于機頭鼻錐部位具體容量參數(shù)的相關(guān)報道。鑒于J16的T/R組件數(shù)量，J20的T/R組件應該比當前最先進的美國和俄羅斯AESA雷達設計更多。即便南京電子技術(shù)研究所（NRIET）或中國雷華電子技術(shù)研究所（607研究所）擁有足夠先進的封裝技術(shù)將1856個T/R組件裝進J20的鼻子，如此密度的T/R組件結(jié)構(gòu)將造成嚴重的散熱問題。若不能有效解決散熱問題，1475型雷達將不能提供可靠的最大功率發(fā)射性能，并帶來重大的維護問題。此外，擁有如此大數(shù)量的T/R組件，使得1475型雷達很難使用低截獲模式，從而更容易被雷達告警接收機（RWR）系統(tǒng)偵獲，例如：ALR94型RWR。Many discussions with respect to the relative stealthiness of fighter aircraft are limited to merely paring radar cross section estimates while entirely neglecting alternate means of detecting aircraft such as RWRs or other emission locator systems. David Axe succinctly pares the process of how RWRs function to how a flash light carried by another person is easily visible in a dark room. AESAs emit a substantial amount of energy, especially designs with a greater number of T/R modules, which enables passive emission locator systems to detect an AESA. The addition of an LPI software for AESAs mitigates the risk of RWR detection.許多有關(guān)戰(zhàn)斗機“相對隱身性”的討論，只限于比較雷達截面積評估，而完全忽視了其他對空偵察手段，例如：雷達告警接收機（RWR）和其他輻射定位系統(tǒng)。David Axe將RWR的功能簡單類比為在黑暗房間中尋找一個隨身攜帶閃光燈的人。AESA系統(tǒng)輻射可觀的能量，特別是擁有更多數(shù)量T/R組件的AESA系統(tǒng)，更容易向被動輻射定位系統(tǒng)暴露自己的位置。在AESA系統(tǒng)中增加低截獲（LPI）軟件設計，將在一定程度上降低AESA被RWR偵測的風險。The radar39。s signals are managed in intensity, duration and space to maintain the pilot39。s situational awareness while minimizing the chance that its signals will be distant targets get less radar attention。 as they get closer to the F22, they will be identified and prioritized。 and when they are close enough to be engaged or avoided, they are continuously tracked Bill Sweetman, 2001“通過對雷達信號的輻射功率、持續(xù)時間和輻射空間管理，保持飛行員對戰(zhàn)場態(tài)勢的有效感知，并最大限度降低信號被偵測的機率。越遠的目標獲得更少的雷達觀測；當這些目標不斷接近F22時，他們將被識別和按優(yōu)先級排序；而后，當這些目標距離足夠近時，F(xiàn)22將選擇與其交戰(zhàn)或回避，F(xiàn)22的雷達將持續(xù)跟蹤這些目標?！薄狟ill Sweetman，2001。Image 6: Engagement boundaries for the AN/APG77. Targets automatically receive higher tracking accuracy as they enter engagement boundaries in proximity to the F22. The boundary concept facilitates automated sensor tasking and efficient sensor usage which contributes towards increased situational awareness and fewer emissions by the array (Ronald W. Brower, 2001). Image Credit: Ronald W. Brower amp。 USAF, 2001.圖6：AN/APG77雷達作戰(zhàn)包線。進入作戰(zhàn)包線后，接近F22的一系列目標將自動獲得更高的跟蹤精度。作戰(zhàn)包線概念的建立，使得自動化傳感器任務規(guī)劃和高效傳感器使用更加便捷，均歸功于最小化陣面輻射所獲得的更佳的戰(zhàn)場態(tài)勢感知（Ronald W. Brower, 2001）。圖片授權(quán)：Ronald W. Brower amp。 USAF, 2001。However, LPI software is not foolproof as demonstrated between tests involving F22s and a CATbird avionics testbed equipped with the F3539。s avionics package*. The F3539。s avionics were able to jam and track multiple F22 and F15 radars during the exercise (Fulghum, Sweetman, Perrett amp。 Wall, 2011).然而，通過在一項包含多架F22和裝備CATbird航電測試設備的F35測試發(fā)現(xiàn)，LPI軟件功能并非萬無一失。在該測試中，F(xiàn)35的機載航電設備可以對多種F22和F15的雷達實施干擾和跟蹤（Fulghum, Sweetman, Perrett amp。 Wall, 2011）。
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