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了: ? 6b. 就這樣,我被卷進(jìn)了一個(gè)未知的世界 ? 7b. 我被帶進(jìn)了一家客店 ? 8b. 我又被塞進(jìn)了馬車 分析 ?“我的”行李是“被繩子捆綁著”的, ?“我”在離開白茜時(shí)是“被人抱走”的, ?“我與白茜和蓋茨海德”是“被分開”的, ?“我”是“被卷進(jìn)了一個(gè)未知的世界”的, ?“我”是“被帶進(jìn)一家客店”的, ?“我”是“被塞進(jìn)馬車”的。 ?—— 凸顯“我”的弱小無助、任人擺布 二、語義連貫 ?句際之間的語義關(guān)系是通過相關(guān)詞匯之間的語義關(guān)系而聯(lián)通的。 ?這種關(guān)系就是韓禮德和哈桑所提出來的五種銜接中的第五種:詞匯銜接 作為建構(gòu)語義關(guān)系的詞匯銜接 ?“這兩種類型 [的詞匯銜接 ]背后的原則就是通過詞匯意義的連續(xù)而獲得銜接的效應(yīng)。 ??這種銜接是詞項(xiàng)之間的一種聯(lián)系功能,兼有語義的方面 —— 同義關(guān)系( synonymy)、上義關(guān)系( hyponymy)、轉(zhuǎn)指關(guān)系( metonymy)、等等 —— 和純?cè)~匯的或同現(xiàn)的方面, ……”(Halliday amp。 Hasan: 320) 詞匯銜接的兩個(gè)方面 ?“語義的方面” ?“純?cè)~匯的或同現(xiàn)的方面” ?即便是所謂的“純?cè)~匯的或同現(xiàn)的方面”其實(shí)仍然還是相關(guān)詞項(xiàng)之間的意義關(guān)系。所以歸根到底,還是語義關(guān)系。 莫里斯論詞匯銜接的語義關(guān)系 ?詞匯語義關(guān)系是存在于成對(duì)詞語之間的個(gè)別關(guān)系,因此被用來創(chuàng)立詞匯銜接。 ( 2022) 詞匯銜接的兩種類型 ?復(fù)現(xiàn)( reiteration) ?同現(xiàn)( collocation) 句內(nèi)詞項(xiàng)之間的 collocation稱“搭配” 詞匯銜接的距離 ?近程銜接 ?遠(yuǎn)程銜接 韓禮德論遠(yuǎn)程銜接 ?詞匯銜接通過關(guān)鍵詞的出現(xiàn)可以跨越很長(zhǎng)的篇幅而得以維系,這些關(guān)鍵詞對(duì)于特定語篇的意義來說具有特別的意味。(Halliday, 1994: 310) (一)復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系 ?重復(fù)關(guān)系 ?同義關(guān)系 重復(fù)性銜接:案例 4 ? ‘ Go out of the room。 return to the nursery,’ was her mandate. My look or something else must have struck her as offensive, for she spoke with extreme though suppressed irritation. I got up。 I went to the door。 I came back again。 I walked to the window across the room, then close up to her. ? Speak I must: I had been trodden on severely, and must turn. (original emphasis) 案例 4:原譯 ? “出去,回兒童室去?!彼畹?。準(zhǔn)是我的眼神或者別的什么地方冒犯了她,她說話的時(shí)候,雖然拼命克制,仍然顯得極其惱火。我站起身來,朝門口走去,但又返了回來,穿過房間,向窗口走去,一直走到她的面前。 ? 我要說話。我一直受到殘酷的欺壓,我要反擊, ...... (浙江文藝版 《 簡(jiǎn) 愛 》 : 38) 分析 ? ‘ Go out of the room。 return to the nursery,’ was her mandate. My look or something else must have struck her as offensive, for she spoke with extreme though suppressed irritation. I got up。 I went to the door。 I came back again。 I walked to the window across the room, then close up to her. ? Speak I must: I had been trodden on severely, and must turn. (original emphasis) 比較原譯:我站起身來,朝門口走去,但又返了回來,穿過房間,向窗口走去,一直走到她的面前。 …… 我要說話 與原文相比,語氣上有何不同? 改譯 ? “出去,回兒童室去?!彼畹?。準(zhǔn)是我的眼神或者別的什么地方冒犯了她,她說話的時(shí)候,雖然拼命克制,仍然顯得極其惱火。我站起身來,我朝門口走去,我又返了回來,我穿過房間,向窗口走去,一直走到她的面前。 ? 說話,我要說話。我一直受到殘酷的欺壓,我要反擊, ...... 案例 5: Fire and Eyre ?Jane Eyre: Fire ?整部小說中有一百多處 fire,其中“ 85處是指居家用火(另外還有十幾處孤立的提及與‘壁爐’有關(guān)),約有 43處修辭性暗指指向火,約有 10處用的是與火災(zāi)有關(guān)的字面意義(指博莎的縱火),還有四處指地獄之火?!? ( Lodge, 1966: 121) 案例 6:原文 ? Strange energy was in his voice, strange fire in his look. (Bront235。, 1993: 182) ? As she patted the dog39。s head, bending with native grace before his young and austere master, I saw a glow rise to that master’s face. I saw his solemn eye melt with sudden fire, and flicker with resistless emotion. (.: 390) ? ... but as his wife at his side always, and always restrained, and always checked forced to keep the fire of my nature continually low,…. ( .: 433) 案例 6:原譯 ? 他的聲音里有一種奇特的力量,他的眼神中有一種奇特的激情。(長(zhǎng)春版 《 簡(jiǎn) 愛 》 : 137) ? 當(dāng)她在它那年輕的主人面前,帶著天生的優(yōu)雅彎下身去拍著狗的腦袋,我看出那個(gè)主人的臉上升起一陣紅光。我看到他莊嚴(yán)的目光被突如其來的熱情軟化了,帶著無法抗拒的激情閃出了光芒。( .: 344) ? 而一旦做了他的妻子 —— 時(shí)時(shí)陪伴在他的左右,受他的限制、阻攔,被迫壓低自己的天性 ( .: 386) 譯者在此成了滅火的消防員 改譯 ?他的聲音里有一種奇特的力量,他的眼神中有一團(tuán)奇特的火。 ?當(dāng)她在它那年輕的主人面前,帶著天生的優(yōu)雅彎下身去拍著狗的腦袋,我看出那個(gè)主人的臉上升起一陣紅光。我看到他莊嚴(yán)的目光仿佛融化在一團(tuán)突如其來的火中,閃動(dòng)著一股無法抗拒的激情。 ?而一旦做了他的妻子 —— 時(shí)時(shí)陪伴在他的左右,受他的限制、阻攔,被迫壓低自己的天性之火。 2. 同義性銜接 ?這里所說的同義是個(gè)廣義的概念,包括(狹義的)同義關(guān)系、近義關(guān)系、反義關(guān)系、上下義關(guān)系和部分整體關(guān)系( Halliday,1994: 331333) 案例 7:原文 ? “ Are there any letters for .?” I asked. ? She peered at me over her spectacles, and then she opened a drawer and fumbled among its contents for a long time, so long that my hopes began to falter. At last, having held a document before her glasses for nearly five minutes, she presented it across the counter, acpanying the act by another inquisitive and mistrustful glanceit was for . ? Is there only one? I demanded. ? There are no more, said she。 and I put it in my pocket and turned my face homeward: I could not open it then。 rules obliged me to be back by eight, and it was already halfpast seven. 案例 7:原文(續(xù)) ? Various duties awaited me on my arrival. I had to sit with the girls during their hour of study。 then it was my turn to read prayers。 to see them to bed: afterwards I supped with the other teachers. Even when we finally retired for the night, the inevitable Miss Gryce was still my panion: we had only a short end of candle in our candlestick, and I dreaded lest she should talk till it was all burnt out。 fortunately, however, the heavy supper she had eaten produced a soporific effect: she was already snoring before I had finished undressing. There still remained a