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語篇翻譯模式(王東風(fēng)-wenkub

2023-05-27 18:06:36 本頁面
 

【正文】 022) 詞匯銜接的兩種類型 ?復(fù)現(xiàn)( reiteration) ?同現(xiàn)( collocation) 句內(nèi)詞項之間的 collocation稱“搭配” 詞匯銜接的距離 ?近程銜接 ?遠程銜接 韓禮德論遠程銜接 ?詞匯銜接通過關(guān)鍵詞的出現(xiàn)可以跨越很長的篇幅而得以維系,這些關(guān)鍵詞對于特定語篇的意義來說具有特別的意味。 ??這種銜接是詞項之間的一種聯(lián)系功能,兼有語義的方面 —— 同義關(guān)系( synonymy)、上義關(guān)系( hyponymy)、轉(zhuǎn)指關(guān)系( metonymy)、等等 —— 和純詞匯的或同現(xiàn)的方面, ……”(Halliday amp。 ? 5a. 就這樣,我離開了貝茜,離開了蓋茨海德 , ? 6a. 駛向了一個新的地方 ? 7a. 管車人把我?guī)У揭患铱偷? ? 8a. 我的保護人 ......把我抱到馬車上 ?既然福勒認為,“在敘述故事時,即便是少數(shù)幾個句子用了被動語態(tài),而不是主動語態(tài),都有可能給人以異感,”既然漢語也有著發(fā)達的被動結(jié)構(gòu),那 為什么我們在翻譯中就非得要顛倒語序,變被動為主動呢? 為什么原文讀者所能體驗到的 “異感” 就不能讓譯文的讀者也來領(lǐng)略一下呢? 質(zhì)疑 改譯 ? 1b. 我的箱子前一天晚上就被拿下來了, ? 2b. …… 被繩子捆綁著立在門邊。 文學(xué)理論視野中的結(jié)構(gòu)重復(fù) 但在敘述故事時,即便是少數(shù)幾個句子 用了 被動語態(tài) , 而不是主動語態(tài), 都有可能給人以 異感 ( oddity), 因為敘述體作品的讀者一般 認定 , 這一體裁的實質(zhì)是由一系列主動的動作 ( actions)組成的。小簡愛被人從保姆的手中抱走,方寸大亂,面臨一個 “ 未知、遙遠而神秘的世界 ” 逐漸適應(yīng)陌生的環(huán)境,忐忑的心緒有所緩和,被動語態(tài)相應(yīng)地降到 %。 for I believed in kidnappers, their exploits having frequently figured in Bessie’s fireside chronicles. At last the guard returned: once more I was stowed away in the coach, my protector mounted his own seat, sounded his hollow horn, and away we rattled over the ‘stony street’ of L— (Charlotte Bront235。 I was taken from Bessie’s neck, to which I clung with kisses. ? ‘Be sure and take good care of her,’ cried she to the guard, as he lifted me into the inside. ? ‘Ah, ah!’ was the answer: the door was slapped to, a voice exclaimed ‘All right,’ and on we drove. Thus was I severed from Bessie and Gateshead: thus whirled away to unknown, and, as I then deemed, remote and mysterious regions. ? I remember but little of the journey。 my teeth chattered as I hastened down the drive. There was a light in the porter’s lodge: when we reached it, we found the porter’s wife just kindling her fire: my trunk, which had been carried down the evening before, stood corded at the door. It wanted but a few minutes of six, and shortly after that hour had struck, the distant roll of wheels announced the ing coach。 she had lit a fire in the nursery, where she now proceeded to make my breakfast. Few children can eat when excited with the thoughts of journey。蒙蒂斐奧雷 。 改譯 他從那一大摞裁好的報紙上拿了一張 。蒙蒂斐奧雷 ( 45) 。 216。相類于編織物的經(jīng)線和緯線 ?其他類似術(shù)語:常規(guī)與變異;常見與反常 ?如:語態(tài):主動與被動;語序:順序與倒裝; 語篇線索:連貫 ?點與點相連形成語篇線索,語篇線索有序的編織形成語篇 ?單一的語篇線索稱為微觀連貫 ?不同的語篇線索或微觀連貫的有序性整體稱為總體連貫 語篇解讀的強制性假定:連貫 ?語篇是交際單位,因此從語篇作者的角度出發(fā),他是意在交際, ?因此他是按總的合作原則來建構(gòu)語篇的, ?因此這樣的語篇一定是連貫的, ?因此讀者對于真實環(huán)境下語篇一般不做不連貫推論 —— 即便語篇是殘缺的 作為關(guān)系概念的連貫 ?連貫是一個關(guān)系概念:統(tǒng)指與語篇成分解讀相關(guān)的所有關(guān)系,無論是語篇內(nèi)關(guān)系,還是語篇外關(guān)系 ?意義是一種關(guān)系效應(yīng) ?美是一種關(guān)系解讀 ?其背后的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ):普遍聯(lián)系的原理 meaning as the total work of relations (Catford, 1965: 35) 連貫的經(jīng)緯:聚焦文學(xué)翻譯 ?文學(xué)作品的詩學(xué)價值是由語言表達的常規(guī)和變異的張力關(guān)系中體現(xiàn)出來的。 ?語篇就是一個具有獨立交際價值的語言集合體。 ?古人將文章寫在竹簡上,再用繩子或皮條編集在一起稱為“篇”。 ?《 說文 》 解:“篇,書也。語篇可以是一本書,也可以是一個字。 ?文學(xué)翻譯就是要體現(xiàn)出這種關(guān)系的經(jīng)與緯 ?我們假定常規(guī)連貫線索為經(jīng)線,變異連貫線為緯線 ?語篇分析要點:檢驗譯文語篇結(jié)構(gòu)是否體現(xiàn)出了原文的經(jīng)緯關(guān)系 文學(xué)翻譯的原則 ?以常規(guī)對常規(guī),以變異對變異 四大連貫構(gòu)成語篇的關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò) ?語法連貫 ?語義連貫 ?語用連貫 ?文體連貫 一、語法連貫 ?傳統(tǒng)語法:關(guān)注句內(nèi)各單位之間關(guān)系 ?功能語法:關(guān)注句際之間的關(guān)系 傳統(tǒng)語法的視角 ?傳統(tǒng)語法的關(guān)系原則:合語法性 —— 合語法性范疇之內(nèi)的常規(guī)與變異: ?I have money. (我有錢) ?Money I have.(錢我有) ?詩學(xué)對既定規(guī)則的顛覆:去語法性 ?*I has money.(?我錢有) ?*I服了 You(?) 案例 1 ?Cultivate poverty like a garden herb, like sage. ?視貧窮如園中之花而像圣人一樣耕植它吧! ?“圣人” ?還是 —— ? ?鼠尾草 功能語法的視角 ?功能語法的關(guān)系原則:句際銜接 ?詩學(xué)對既定規(guī)則的顛覆:去銜接性 五種銜接關(guān)系 ?指稱( reference) ?替代( substitution) ?省略( ellipses) ?連接( conjunction) ?詞匯銜接( lexical cohesion) He took up a page from the pile of cut sheets (1). The model farm at Kinnereth on the lakeshore of Tiberias (2). 216。上面有 太巴列湖畔基尼烈模范農(nóng)場 的 照片 (2)。 一座 農(nóng)舍 , 有圍墻 , 吃草的牛群 照得 模糊不清 ( 6) 。 太巴列湖畔基尼烈模范農(nóng)場 。 我想就是他 。 nor could I. 案例 3 page2 ? Bessie, having pressed me in vain to take a few spoonfuls of the boiled milk and bread she had prepared for me, wrapped up some biscuits in a paper and put them into my bag。 I went to the door and watched its lamps approach rapidly through the gloom. 案例 3 page4 ? [a brief conversation omitted] ? The coach drew up。 I only know that the day seemed to me of a preternatural length, and that we appeared to travel over hundreds of miles of road. We passed through several towns, and in one, a very large one, the coach stopped。, Jane Eyre. Chap. 5: 735) 案例 3 page5 案例 3分析 page1 段落 含物質(zhì)過程的小句 語態(tài)類型比 第一段: 準備 (194個詞 ) 1) I had risen 2) [I] ... had washed my face 3) [I] ... put on my clothes 4) I was to leave Gateshead 5) ...nor could I (eat) 主動: 100% 被動: 0% 第二段: 出門 (117個詞 ) 6) I hastened down the drive 7) my truck ... had been carried down… and stood corded
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