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語(yǔ)篇翻譯模式(王東風(fēng)-wenkub

2023-05-27 18:06:36 本頁(yè)面
 

【正文】 022) 詞匯銜接的兩種類(lèi)型 ?復(fù)現(xiàn)( reiteration) ?同現(xiàn)( collocation) 句內(nèi)詞項(xiàng)之間的 collocation稱“搭配” 詞匯銜接的距離 ?近程銜接 ?遠(yuǎn)程銜接 韓禮德論遠(yuǎn)程銜接 ?詞匯銜接通過(guò)關(guān)鍵詞的出現(xiàn)可以跨越很長(zhǎng)的篇幅而得以維系,這些關(guān)鍵詞對(duì)于特定語(yǔ)篇的意義來(lái)說(shuō)具有特別的意味。 ??這種銜接是詞項(xiàng)之間的一種聯(lián)系功能,兼有語(yǔ)義的方面 —— 同義關(guān)系( synonymy)、上義關(guān)系( hyponymy)、轉(zhuǎn)指關(guān)系( metonymy)、等等 —— 和純?cè)~匯的或同現(xiàn)的方面, ……”(Halliday amp。 ? 5a. 就這樣,我離開(kāi)了貝茜,離開(kāi)了蓋茨海德 , ? 6a. 駛向了一個(gè)新的地方 ? 7a. 管車(chē)人把我?guī)У揭患铱偷? ? 8a. 我的保護(hù)人 ......把我抱到馬車(chē)上 ?既然福勒認(rèn)為,“在敘述故事時(shí),即便是少數(shù)幾個(gè)句子用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),而不是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),都有可能給人以異感,”既然漢語(yǔ)也有著發(fā)達(dá)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),那 為什么我們?cè)诜g中就非得要顛倒語(yǔ)序,變被動(dòng)為主動(dòng)呢? 為什么原文讀者所能體驗(yàn)到的 “異感” 就不能讓譯文的讀者也來(lái)領(lǐng)略一下呢? 質(zhì)疑 改譯 ? 1b. 我的箱子前一天晚上就被拿下來(lái)了, ? 2b. …… 被繩子捆綁著立在門(mén)邊。 文學(xué)理論視野中的結(jié)構(gòu)重復(fù) 但在敘述故事時(shí),即便是少數(shù)幾個(gè)句子 用了 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) , 而不是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài), 都有可能給人以 異感 ( oddity), 因?yàn)閿⑹鲶w作品的讀者一般 認(rèn)定 , 這一體裁的實(shí)質(zhì)是由一系列主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作 ( actions)組成的。小簡(jiǎn)愛(ài)被人從保姆的手中抱走,方寸大亂,面臨一個(gè) “ 未知、遙遠(yuǎn)而神秘的世界 ” 逐漸適應(yīng)陌生的環(huán)境,忐忑的心緒有所緩和,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)相應(yīng)地降到 %。 for I believed in kidnappers, their exploits having frequently figured in Bessie’s fireside chronicles. At last the guard returned: once more I was stowed away in the coach, my protector mounted his own seat, sounded his hollow horn, and away we rattled over the ‘stony street’ of L— (Charlotte Bront235。 I was taken from Bessie’s neck, to which I clung with kisses. ? ‘Be sure and take good care of her,’ cried she to the guard, as he lifted me into the inside. ? ‘Ah, ah!’ was the answer: the door was slapped to, a voice exclaimed ‘All right,’ and on we drove. Thus was I severed from Bessie and Gateshead: thus whirled away to unknown, and, as I then deemed, remote and mysterious regions. ? I remember but little of the journey。 my teeth chattered as I hastened down the drive. There was a light in the porter’s lodge: when we reached it, we found the porter’s wife just kindling her fire: my trunk, which had been carried down the evening before, stood corded at the door. It wanted but a few minutes of six, and shortly after that hour had struck, the distant roll of wheels announced the ing coach。 she had lit a fire in the nursery, where she now proceeded to make my breakfast. Few children can eat when excited with the thoughts of journey。蒙蒂斐奧雷 。 改譯 他從那一大摞裁好的報(bào)紙上拿了一張 。蒙蒂斐奧雷 ( 45) 。 216。相類(lèi)于編織物的經(jīng)線和緯線 ?其他類(lèi)似術(shù)語(yǔ):常規(guī)與變異;常見(jiàn)與反常 ?如:語(yǔ)態(tài):主動(dòng)與被動(dòng);語(yǔ)序:順序與倒裝; 語(yǔ)篇線索:連貫 ?點(diǎn)與點(diǎn)相連形成語(yǔ)篇線索,語(yǔ)篇線索有序的編織形成語(yǔ)篇 ?單一的語(yǔ)篇線索稱為微觀連貫 ?不同的語(yǔ)篇線索或微觀連貫的有序性整體稱為總體連貫 語(yǔ)篇解讀的強(qiáng)制性假定:連貫 ?語(yǔ)篇是交際單位,因此從語(yǔ)篇作者的角度出發(fā),他是意在交際, ?因此他是按總的合作原則來(lái)建構(gòu)語(yǔ)篇的, ?因此這樣的語(yǔ)篇一定是連貫的, ?因此讀者對(duì)于真實(shí)環(huán)境下語(yǔ)篇一般不做不連貫推論 —— 即便語(yǔ)篇是殘缺的 作為關(guān)系概念的連貫 ?連貫是一個(gè)關(guān)系概念:統(tǒng)指與語(yǔ)篇成分解讀相關(guān)的所有關(guān)系,無(wú)論是語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)關(guān)系,還是語(yǔ)篇外關(guān)系 ?意義是一種關(guān)系效應(yīng) ?美是一種關(guān)系解讀 ?其背后的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ):普遍聯(lián)系的原理 meaning as the total work of relations (Catford, 1965: 35) 連貫的經(jīng)緯:聚焦文學(xué)翻譯 ?文學(xué)作品的詩(shī)學(xué)價(jià)值是由語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的常規(guī)和變異的張力關(guān)系中體現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。 ?語(yǔ)篇就是一個(gè)具有獨(dú)立交際價(jià)值的語(yǔ)言集合體。 ?古人將文章寫(xiě)在竹簡(jiǎn)上,再用繩子或皮條編集在一起稱為“篇”。 ?《 說(shuō)文 》 解:“篇,書(shū)也。語(yǔ)篇可以是一本書(shū),也可以是一個(gè)字。 ?文學(xué)翻譯就是要體現(xiàn)出這種關(guān)系的經(jīng)與緯 ?我們假定常規(guī)連貫線索為經(jīng)線,變異連貫線為緯線 ?語(yǔ)篇分析要點(diǎn):檢驗(yàn)譯文語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)是否體現(xiàn)出了原文的經(jīng)緯關(guān)系 文學(xué)翻譯的原則 ?以常規(guī)對(duì)常規(guī),以變異對(duì)變異 四大連貫構(gòu)成語(yǔ)篇的關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò) ?語(yǔ)法連貫 ?語(yǔ)義連貫 ?語(yǔ)用連貫 ?文體連貫 一、語(yǔ)法連貫 ?傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法:關(guān)注句內(nèi)各單位之間關(guān)系 ?功能語(yǔ)法:關(guān)注句際之間的關(guān)系 傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法的視角 ?傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法的關(guān)系原則:合語(yǔ)法性 —— 合語(yǔ)法性范疇之內(nèi)的常規(guī)與變異: ?I have money. (我有錢(qián)) ?Money I have.(錢(qián)我有) ?詩(shī)學(xué)對(duì)既定規(guī)則的顛覆:去語(yǔ)法性 ?*I has money.(?我錢(qián)有) ?*I服了 You(?) 案例 1 ?Cultivate poverty like a garden herb, like sage. ?視貧窮如園中之花而像圣人一樣耕植它吧! ?“圣人” ?還是 —— ? ?鼠尾草 功能語(yǔ)法的視角 ?功能語(yǔ)法的關(guān)系原則:句際銜接 ?詩(shī)學(xué)對(duì)既定規(guī)則的顛覆:去銜接性 五種銜接關(guān)系 ?指稱( reference) ?替代( substitution) ?省略( ellipses) ?連接( conjunction) ?詞匯銜接( lexical cohesion) He took up a page from the pile of cut sheets (1). The model farm at Kinnereth on the lakeshore of Tiberias (2). 216。上面有 太巴列湖畔基尼烈模范農(nóng)場(chǎng) 的 照片 (2)。 一座 農(nóng)舍 , 有圍墻 , 吃草的牛群 照得 模糊不清 ( 6) 。 太巴列湖畔基尼烈模范農(nóng)場(chǎng) 。 我想就是他 。 nor could I. 案例 3 page2 ? Bessie, having pressed me in vain to take a few spoonfuls of the boiled milk and bread she had prepared for me, wrapped up some biscuits in a paper and put them into my bag。 I went to the door and watched its lamps approach rapidly through the gloom. 案例 3 page4 ? [a brief conversation omitted] ? The coach drew up。 I only know that the day seemed to me of a preternatural length, and that we appeared to travel over hundreds of miles of road. We passed through several towns, and in one, a very large one, the coach stopped。, Jane Eyre. Chap. 5: 735) 案例 3 page5 案例 3分析 page1 段落 含物質(zhì)過(guò)程的小句 語(yǔ)態(tài)類(lèi)型比 第一段: 準(zhǔn)備 (194個(gè)詞 ) 1) I had risen 2) [I] ... had washed my face 3) [I] ... put on my clothes 4) I was to leave Gateshead 5) ...nor could I (eat) 主動(dòng): 100% 被動(dòng): 0% 第二段: 出門(mén) (117個(gè)詞 ) 6) I hastened down the drive 7) my truck ... had been carried down… and stood corded
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