【正文】 very dark。 Bessie carried a lantern, whose light glanced on wet steps and gravel road sodden by a recent thaw. Raw and chill was the winter morning。 my teeth chattered as I hastened down the drive. There was a light in the porter’s lodge: when we reached it, we found the porter’s wife just kindling her fire: my trunk, which had been carried down the evening before, stood corded at the door. It wanted but a few minutes of six, and shortly after that hour had struck, the distant roll of wheels announced the ing coach。 I went to the door and watched its lamps approach rapidly through the gloom. 案例 3 page4 ? [a brief conversation omitted] ? The coach drew up。 there it was at the gates with its four horses and its top laden with passengers: the guard and coachman loudly urged haste。 my trunk was hoisted up。 I was taken from Bessie’s neck, to which I clung with kisses. ? ‘Be sure and take good care of her,’ cried she to the guard, as he lifted me into the inside. ? ‘Ah, ah!’ was the answer: the door was slapped to, a voice exclaimed ‘All right,’ and on we drove. Thus was I severed from Bessie and Gateshead: thus whirled away to unknown, and, as I then deemed, remote and mysterious regions. ? I remember but little of the journey。 I only know that the day seemed to me of a preternatural length, and that we appeared to travel over hundreds of miles of road. We passed through several towns, and in one, a very large one, the coach stopped。 the horses were taken out, and the passengers alighted to dine. I was carried into an inn, where the guard wanted me to have some dinner。 but, as I had no appetite, he left me in an immense room with a fireplace at each end, a chandelier pendant from the ceiling, and a little red gallery high up against the wall filled with musical instruments. Here I walked about for a long time, feeling very strange, and mortally apprehensive of someone ing in and kidnapping me。 for I believed in kidnappers, their exploits having frequently figured in Bessie’s fireside chronicles. At last the guard returned: once more I was stowed away in the coach, my protector mounted his own seat, sounded his hollow horn, and away we rattled over the ‘stony street’ of L— (Charlotte Bront235。, Jane Eyre. Chap. 5: 735) 案例 3 page5 案例 3分析 page1 段落 含物質(zhì)過(guò)程的小句 語(yǔ)態(tài)類(lèi)型比 第一段： 準(zhǔn)備 (194個(gè)詞 ) 1） I had risen 2) [I] ... had washed my face 3) [I] ... put on my clothes 4) I was to leave Gateshead 5） ...nor could I (eat) 主動(dòng)： 100% 被動(dòng)： 0% 第二段： 出門(mén) (117個(gè)詞 ) 6) I hastened down the drive 7) my truck ... had been carried down… and stood corded 8) I went to the door 主動(dòng)： 50% 被動(dòng)： 50% 零被動(dòng)。小簡(jiǎn)愛(ài)還沒(méi)有離開(kāi)她所熟悉的環(huán)境，離 “ 家 ” 遠(yuǎn)行的事實(shí)畢竟還只存在于她的想象之中 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)激增。小簡(jiǎn)愛(ài)被領(lǐng)出了家門(mén)，心開(kāi)始忐忑不安 段落 含物質(zhì)過(guò)程的小句 語(yǔ)態(tài)類(lèi)型比 第三至 第五段： 別離 (105個(gè)詞 ) 9) My trunk was hoisted up 10) I was taken from Bessie’s neck 11) I clung [to Bessie’s neck] with kisses 12) Thus was I severed from Bessie: 13） Thus whirled away to unknown 主動(dòng)： 20% 被動(dòng)： 80% 第六段： 去途 (181個(gè)詞 ) 14) I was carried into an inn 15) I walked about for a long time 16) I was stowed away in the coach 主動(dòng)： % 被動(dòng)： % 案例 3分析 page2 本段字?jǐn)?shù)最少，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)比例卻最高。小簡(jiǎn)愛(ài)被人從保姆的手中抱走，方寸大亂，面臨一個(gè) “ 未知、遙遠(yuǎn)而神秘的世界 ” 逐漸適應(yīng)陌生的環(huán)境，忐忑的心緒有所緩和，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)相應(yīng)地降到 %。 概念提示：投射 ?小句語(yǔ)態(tài)上的被動(dòng)所投射的是人物心態(tài)的被動(dòng) ?案例 1中 句法形式上由主動(dòng)向被動(dòng)的變化正是人物心理由主動(dòng)向被動(dòng)變化的投射。 文學(xué)理論視野中的結(jié)構(gòu)重復(fù) ?“結(jié)構(gòu)的重復(fù)與再現(xiàn)到了何種程度才算是 前景化 ，是極難給出一個(gè)普遍的原則的，因?yàn)樘囟ǖ慕Y(jié)構(gòu)能否給人以 突出 的感覺(jué)取決于該結(jié)構(gòu)所處的 話(huà)語(yǔ)語(yǔ)境 。例如，在 科技文獻(xiàn) 中，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的數(shù)量會(huì)超乎尋常，但在那樣的語(yǔ)境中，那是約定俗成的，因而 不會(huì) 引人注目。 文學(xué)理論視野中的結(jié)構(gòu)重復(fù) 但在敘述故事時(shí)，即便是少數(shù)幾個(gè)句子 用了 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) ， 而不是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)， 都有可能給人以 異感 （ oddity）， 因?yàn)閿⑹鲶w作品的讀者一般 認(rèn)定 ， 這一體裁的實(shí)質(zhì)是由一系列主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作 （ actions）組成的。 ” (Fowler, 1986: 73) 原文中八個(gè)帶被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的小句： ? 1. …my trunk, which had been carried down the evening before, ? 2. … stood corded at the door. ? 3. My trunk was hoisted up ? 4. I was taken from Bessie’s neck, to which I clung with kisses ? 5. thus was I severed from Bessie and Gateshead: ? 6. thus [was I] whirled away to unknown ? 7. I was carried into an inn ? 8. I was stowed away in the coach 原譯摘要 ? 1a. 前天晚上送來(lái)的我的箱子，在門(mén)口放著， ? 2a. …… 早已用繩子捆好了。 ? 3a. 管車(chē)人和馬車(chē)夫 ......將我的箱子托上去。 ? 4a. 我摟著貝茜的脖子，一邊又一邊地吻她， 最后終于被人拉開(kāi)了。 ? 5a. 就這樣，我離開(kāi)了貝茜，離開(kāi)了蓋茨海德 , ? 6a. 駛向了一個(gè)新的地方 ? 7a. 管車(chē)人把我?guī)У揭患铱偷? ? 8a. 我的保護(hù)人 ......把我抱到馬車(chē)上 ?既然福勒認(rèn)為，“在敘述故事時(shí)，即便是少數(shù)幾個(gè)句子用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而不是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，都有可能給人以異感，”既然漢語(yǔ)也有著發(fā)達(dá)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，那 為什么我們?cè)诜g中就非得要顛倒語(yǔ)序，變被動(dòng)為主動(dòng)呢？ 為什么原文讀者所能體驗(yàn)到的 “異感” 就不能讓譯文的讀者也來(lái)領(lǐng)略一下呢？ 質(zhì)疑 改譯 ? 1b. 我的箱子前一天晚上就被拿下來(lái)了， ? 2b. …… 被繩子捆綁著立在門(mén)邊。 ? 3b. 我的箱子被托了上去 ? 4b. 我摟著白茜的脖子連連吻著，但被人抱走 了 ? 5b. 就這樣 , 我與白茜和蓋茨海德被分開(kāi)