【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ，普通人的思維活動根本無法與科學家的思維過程相比，認為這些思維過程必須經(jīng)過某種專門訓練才能掌握。 ? Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. ? 政府究竟是以減少對技術的經(jīng)費投入來增加對純理論科學的經(jīng)費投入還是相反，這往往取決于把哪一方看作是驅(qū)動的力量。 ? How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability， and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. ? 這些預測在多大程度上為后來的表現(xiàn)所證實，這取決于所采用信息的數(shù)量、可靠性和適宜性，以及解釋這些信息的技能和才智。 ? Furthermore， it is obvious that the strength of a country?s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry， and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. ? 再者，顯而易見的是一個國家的經(jīng)濟實力與其工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率密切相關，而效率的提高則又有賴于各種科技人員的努力。 注意并列 1 ? 1. 句子并列，（有時可以譯成對偶）； ? Motion is absolute， while stagnation is relative. ? 運動是絕對的，而靜止是相對的。 ? Keep your face to the sunshine and you cannot see your shadow. ? 你要是面對陽光，那就看不到自己的影子。 注意并列 2 ? 2. “多枝同干 ” ，重復譯法，避免歧義。 ? These hands spoke of the stubbornness of mankind， of the will to work not only as one?s strength permits but beyond the limits of one?s power. ? 參考譯文：這雙手 訴說著 人類的頑強， 訴說著 勞動的意志 ———不僅在體力允許的情況下，甚至在超出體力極限的情況下頑強堅持的那份勞動意志。 ? In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined. ? 譯文：一般說來，當要測定的特征能得以十分精確的界定，測試的就最佳 ；反之， 如果所要測定和預測的東西得不到明確的界定，那么測試的效果就最差。 ? Astrophysicists working with groundbased detectors at the South Pole and balloonborne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon. ? 譯文：天體物理學家使用南極陸基探測器及球載儀器，正越來越近地觀測這些云系 ，也許不久會報告他們的觀測結(jié)果。 ? It is not that (不是 )the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working。 but that (而是 ) the latter (后者 ) is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former (前者 )。 ? 前句： There is no more difference, … a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in mon scales, and the operations of a chemist … of his balance … ） ? 譯文：這 并不是 說 面包師或賣肉者 所用的磅秤和化學家所有的天平在構(gòu)造原理和工作方法上存在多少差別， 而是說與前者相比，后者是一種更為精密的儀器，因而在計量上必然比前者準確得多。 ? It is not that (不是 )the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working。 but that (而是 ) the latter (后者 ) is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former (前者 )。 ? 前句： There is no more difference, … a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in mon scales, and the operations of a chemist … of his balance … ） ? Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips， puters with inbuilt personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools， relaxation will be in front of smell television， and digital age will have arrived. ? 譯文： 兒童將 與裝有個性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有個性內(nèi)置的 計算機將 被視為工作伙伴而不是工具， 人們將 在氣味電視機前休閑，屆時 數(shù)字化時代就 來到了。 ? In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization with all the farreaching changes in social patterns that followed as spread over nearly a century，whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. ? 譯文：在先期實現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的歐洲國家中，其工業(yè)化進程以及隨之而來的各種深刻的社會結(jié)構(gòu)變革，持續(xù)了大約一個世紀之久 ，而 如今一個發(fā)展中國家在十年左右就可能完成這個過程。 ? 例題： Owing to the remarkable development in massmunications， people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas， while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. ? 譯文：大眾通訊的顯著發(fā)展使各地的人們不斷感到有新的需求，不斷接觸到新的習俗和思想 ； 由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。 ? 例題： The target is wrong， for in attacking the tests， critics divert attention from the fault that lies with illinformed or inpetent users. ? 譯文：把標準化測試作為抨擊目標是錯誤的，因為在抨擊這類測試時，批評者不考慮其弊病來自人們對測試不甚了解或使用不當。 ? 例題： You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction（歸納法）and deduction， that by the help of these operations， they， in a sort of sense， manage to extract from nature certain natural laws， and that out of these， by some special skill of their own， they build up their theories. ? 譯文：你們都多次聽說過，科學家是用歸納法和演繹法工作的 ； 他們用這些方法，在某種意義上說，力求從自然界找出某些自然規(guī)律 ； 然后他們根據(jù)這些規(guī)律，用自己的某種非同一般的本領，建立起他們的理論。 ? 例題： The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind； it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation. ? 譯文：科學研究的方法不過是人類思維活動的必要表達方式 ， 也就是對一切現(xiàn)象進行思索并給以精確而嚴謹解釋的表達方式。 ? 例題： New sources of energy must be found， and this will take time， but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. ? 譯文：我們必須找到新的能源，這需要時間 ； 而過去我們感覺到的那種能源價廉而充足的情況將不可能再出現(xiàn)了。 ? 例題： The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time， and in any case， the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use. ? 譯文：石油供應可能會隨時中斷 ； 不管怎樣，以目前這種消費速度，只需 30年左右，所有的油井都會枯竭。 注意分割 1 ? 翻譯原則：弄清結(jié)構(gòu)和語意 , 譯出原來的整體意義。 ? 如： An unusual present was given to him for his birthday, a book on ethics. ? 譯文：過生日的時候他得到了一件不尋常的禮物 一本關于倫理道德的書。 ? No girl should marry a man whose last name has the same initial as hers, for, as the rhyme goes, Change the name but not the letter, marry for worse instead of better.“ ? 譯文：姑娘不該嫁給與自己的姓的首字母相同的人 ,因為正如一首童謠所說 ：改姓不改首字母 ,婚后必將受其苦 。 ? In the Middle Ages widespread use was made of arguments from analogy, on the belief that the universe formed an ordere