【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 ，普通人的思維活動(dòng)根本無(wú)法與科學(xué)家的思維過(guò)程相比，認(rèn)為這些思維過(guò)程必須經(jīng)過(guò)某種專門訓(xùn)練才能掌握。 ? Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. ? 政府究竟是以減少對(duì)技術(shù)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入來(lái)增加對(duì)純理論科學(xué)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入還是相反，這往往取決于把哪一方看作是驅(qū)動(dòng)的力量。 ? How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability， and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. ? 這些預(yù)測(cè)在多大程度上為后來(lái)的表現(xiàn)所證實(shí)，這取決于所采用信息的數(shù)量、可靠性和適宜性，以及解釋這些信息的技能和才智。 ? Furthermore， it is obvious that the strength of a country?s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry， and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. ? 再者，顯而易見的是一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力與其工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率密切相關(guān)，而效率的提高則又有賴于各種科技人員的努力。 注意并列 1 ? 1. 句子并列，（有時(shí)可以譯成對(duì)偶）； ? Motion is absolute， while stagnation is relative. ? 運(yùn)動(dòng)是絕對(duì)的，而靜止是相對(duì)的。 ? Keep your face to the sunshine and you cannot see your shadow. ? 你要是面對(duì)陽(yáng)光，那就看不到自己的影子。 注意并列 2 ? 2. “多枝同干 ” ，重復(fù)譯法，避免歧義。 ? These hands spoke of the stubbornness of mankind， of the will to work not only as one?s strength permits but beyond the limits of one?s power. ? 參考譯文：這雙手 訴說(shuō)著 人類的頑強(qiáng)， 訴說(shuō)著 勞動(dòng)的意志 ———不僅在體力允許的情況下，甚至在超出體力極限的情況下頑強(qiáng)堅(jiān)持的那份勞動(dòng)意志。 ? In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined. ? 譯文：一般說(shuō)來(lái)，當(dāng)要測(cè)定的特征能得以十分精確的界定，測(cè)試的就最佳 ；反之， 如果所要測(cè)定和預(yù)測(cè)的東西得不到明確的界定，那么測(cè)試的效果就最差。 ? Astrophysicists working with groundbased detectors at the South Pole and balloonborne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon. ? 譯文：天體物理學(xué)家使用南極陸基探測(cè)器及球載儀器，正越來(lái)越近地觀測(cè)這些云系 ，也許不久會(huì)報(bào)告他們的觀測(cè)結(jié)果。 ? It is not that (不是 )the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working。 but that (而是 ) the latter (后者 ) is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former (前者 )。 ? 前句： There is no more difference, … a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in mon scales, and the operations of a chemist … of his balance … ） ? 譯文：這 并不是 說(shuō) 面包師或賣肉者 所用的磅秤和化學(xué)家所有的天平在構(gòu)造原理和工作方法上存在多少差別， 而是說(shuō)與前者相比，后者是一種更為精密的儀器，因而在計(jì)量上必然比前者準(zhǔn)確得多。 ? It is not that (不是 )the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working。 but that (而是 ) the latter (后者 ) is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former (前者 )。 ? 前句： There is no more difference, … a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in mon scales, and the operations of a chemist … of his balance … ） ? Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips， puters with inbuilt personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools， relaxation will be in front of smell television， and digital age will have arrived. ? 譯文： 兒童將 與裝有個(gè)性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有個(gè)性內(nèi)置的 計(jì)算機(jī)將 被視為工作伙伴而不是工具， 人們將 在氣味電視機(jī)前休閑，屆時(shí) 數(shù)字化時(shí)代就 來(lái)到了。 ? In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization with all the farreaching changes in social patterns that followed as spread over nearly a century，whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. ? 譯文：在先期實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的歐洲國(guó)家中，其工業(yè)化進(jìn)程以及隨之而來(lái)的各種深刻的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)變革，持續(xù)了大約一個(gè)世紀(jì)之久 ，而 如今一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家在十年左右就可能完成這個(gè)過(guò)程。 ? 例題： Owing to the remarkable development in massmunications， people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas， while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. ? 譯文：大眾通訊的顯著發(fā)展使各地的人們不斷感到有新的需求，不斷接觸到新的習(xí)俗和思想 ； 由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。 ? 例題： The target is wrong， for in attacking the tests， critics divert attention from the fault that lies with illinformed or inpetent users. ? 譯文：把標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試作為抨擊目標(biāo)是錯(cuò)誤的，因?yàn)樵谂険暨@類測(cè)試時(shí)，批評(píng)者不考慮其弊病來(lái)自人們對(duì)測(cè)試不甚了解或使用不當(dāng)。 ? 例題： You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction（歸納法）and deduction， that by the help of these operations， they， in a sort of sense， manage to extract from nature certain natural laws， and that out of these， by some special skill of their own， they build up their theories. ? 譯文：你們都多次聽說(shuō)過(guò)，科學(xué)家是用歸納法和演繹法工作的 ； 他們用這些方法，在某種意義上說(shuō)，力求從自然界找出某些自然規(guī)律 ； 然后他們根據(jù)這些規(guī)律，用自己的某種非同一般的本領(lǐng)，建立起他們的理論。 ? 例題： The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind； it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation. ? 譯文：科學(xué)研究的方法不過(guò)是人類思維活動(dòng)的必要表達(dá)方式 ， 也就是對(duì)一切現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行思索并給以精確而嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)解釋的表達(dá)方式。 ? 例題： New sources of energy must be found， and this will take time， but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. ? 譯文：我們必須找到新的能源，這需要時(shí)間 ； 而過(guò)去我們感覺到的那種能源價(jià)廉而充足的情況將不可能再出現(xiàn)了。 ? 例題： The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time， and in any case， the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use. ? 譯文：石油供應(yīng)可能會(huì)隨時(shí)中斷 ； 不管怎樣，以目前這種消費(fèi)速度，只需 30年左右，所有的油井都會(huì)枯竭。 注意分割 1 ? 翻譯原則：弄清結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)意 , 譯出原來(lái)的整體意義。 ? 如： An unusual present was given to him for his birthday, a book on ethics. ? 譯文：過(guò)生日的時(shí)候他得到了一件不尋常的禮物 一本關(guān)于倫理道德的書。 ? No girl should marry a man whose last name has the same initial as hers, for, as the rhyme goes, Change the name but not the letter, marry for worse instead of better.“ ? 譯文：姑娘不該嫁給與自己的姓的首字母相同的人 ,因?yàn)檎缫皇淄{所說(shuō) ：改姓不改首字母 ,婚后必將受其苦 。 ? In the Middle Ages widespread use was made of arguments from analogy, on the belief that the universe formed an ordere