【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 tion of the earth, China plays in world affairs a role that can only grow more important in the years ahead. Jimmy Carter Branches and subbranches : Adverbials and attributes Trunk line: S + V + (O) Contrast Between English and Chinese Chinese bamboolike sentence structure （竹式結(jié)構(gòu)） with different sections linked and yet separated English treelike sentence structure （樹式結(jié)構(gòu)） with different parts connected like branches and subbranches to the trunk line Rhythmic speech or writing is like waves of the sea, moving onward with alternating rise and fall, connected yet separated, like but different, suggestive of some law, too plex for analysis or statement, controlling the relations between wave and wave, waves and sea, phrase and phrase, phrases and speech. H. W. Fowler (1858 – 1933) Look at the sentence structures of the two languages from another perspective: ? 我的小孫子他很調(diào)皮。 My little grandson is very naughty. ? 那所房子你們早該修了。 You should have repaired the house. ? 英語這門語言，學會它可不容易。 It is by no means easy to learn the English language. ? 這里建大橋，我看行不通。 I don?t think it workable to build a bridge here. Compare the sentence structures of the two languages : ? 我的小孫子 他很調(diào)皮。 ? 那所房子 你們早該修了。 ? 英語這門語言 ，學會它可不容易。 ? 這里建大橋 ，我看行不通。 ? My little grandson is very naughty. ? You should have repaired the house. ? It is by no means easy to learn the English language. ? I don?t think it workable to build a bridge here. Chinese Structure: TopicComment 話題 評論 English Structure: SubjectPredicate 主語 謂語 Contrast Between English and Chinese Chinese TopicComment Sentence Structure （ 話題 評論 結(jié)構(gòu)） English SubjectPredicate Sentence Structure （主語 謂語結(jié)構(gòu)） Topicprominent Language 話題突出型語言 Subjectprominent Language 主語突出型語言 Chinese Order of Linguistic Elements 漢語語序（ 1） Relatively fixed （相對固定） Order of time （時間先后順序） ? Words: 古今、先后、早晚、始終、老少、生死 ? Idioms: 冬去春來、一呼百應、風平浪靜 ? Phrases: 進城賣菜、離家出走、去教室看書 ? Sentences: 我們在美國 讀書 的時候， 結(jié)識 了一位木匠。有一天，木匠 開 車 接 我們 去 他家，路上所談 ，盡是木匠的事，深 得 其樂 …… Chinese Order of Linguistic Elements 漢語語序（ 2） Order of space （空間大小順序） ? Words: 大小、寬窄、粗細、長短、厚薄、胖瘦 ? Idioms: 大同小異、長話短說、厚古薄今 ? Addresses: 中國上?？禈蚵?1500號 ? Sentences: 一到 上海 ，我們首先想到 浦東 這片改革、開放的熱土。于是我們駕車來到 陸家嘴 金融開發(fā)區(qū)，那節(jié)次鱗比、神態(tài)各異的 摩天大樓 令人眼花繚亂。我們決定先登上 東方明珠廣播電視塔 …… Chinese Order of Linguistic Elements 漢語語序（ 3） Order of importance （重輕順序） ? Words: 天地、日月、國家、君臣、優(yōu)劣、強弱 ? Idioms: 國破家亡、天久地長、優(yōu)勝劣汰、恃強凌弱、一人得道，雞犬升天 ? Phrases: 紅色的圓木桌、圓形的紅木桌、木制的紅圓桌 ? Sentences: 我用這把刀切肉。 這把刀我用來切肉。 切肉我用這把刀。 Chinese Order of Linguistic Elements 漢語語序（ 4） Order of logic causeeffect, conditionresult （邏輯順序：因果，條件 結(jié)果） ? 志同道合，友誼才會持久。 ? 名不正則言不順，言不順則事不成。 ? 天下雨，運動會延期了。 ? 他愛睡懶覺，考試難過關(guān)。 English Order of Linguistic Elements 英語語序 Relatively flexible order （語序相對靈活） resulting from the use of inflections and connectives the Russian people, the people of Russia, the people living in Russia, the people who live in Russia a pretty and clever girl a girl pretty and clever a girl who is pretty and clever Phrases: English Order of Linguistic Elements 英語語序 志同道合，友誼才會持久。 Friendship will last only if it is based on a mon goal. Only if friendship is based on a mon goal, it will last. 天下雨，運動會延期了。 The sports meet was postponed because of rain. Because of rain, the sports meet was postponed. Relatively flexible order （語序相對靈活） resulting from the use of flections and connectives Sentences: Please pare: 我們漫步街頭，在中央大道附近發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個很大的棚戶區(qū)，有很多跡象表明茅棚里還住了人。 We saw many signs of occupation while strolling along a street past a major concentration of the huts not far away from the Central Avenue. Pay attention to Chinese order of time and