【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 豬肝 大白菜 玉米 (鮮 ) 雞肝 菠 菜 大 豆 雞蛋 干紅棗 紅小豆 蝦米 葡萄干 綠 豆 海帶 (干 ) 核桃仁 芝麻醬 帶魚 桂 圓 四、碘 （ Iodine ） tetraiodothyronine (T4), % (甲狀腺素 ) triiodothyronine (T3), % (三碘甲狀腺原氨酸 ) thyroid iodine (8mg) diiodothyronine (DIT), % (二碘酪氨酸 ) monoiodothyronine (MIT), % (一碘酪氨酸 ) others In blood: proteinbinding iodine (PBI), 3060 μg/L 1. Iodine in the body (2050mg) Structure of T4 and T3 (1) regulating oxidation reactions in cells and energy metabolism. (2) Regulating protein synthesis by linking to the processes of geic control in the nucleus. (3) Promoting the synthesis of cholesterol, intestinal absorption of carbohydrate and conversion of carotene to VitA. (4) Regulating the metabolism of water and electrolyte. (5) Influencing the growth and development, and mental development. (15% mental retardation in ID area in china ) 2. Function of iodine in body colloid TG: thyroglobulin 甲狀腺球蛋白 3. absorption and metabolism Thyroid gland TG T4 T3 DIT MIT(d ) (c) T4 T3 Dietary iodine 肝中合成 葡萄糖酸酯或硫酸酯 Fecal iodine 10% I T4 bound/free T3 T3 T4 Effect Urinary iodine 90% Sweet and milk Target cells (g) bile (a) (b) (e) (f) (h) a: absorption dietary iodine is converted to inanic form(iodine) and rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. b,c: circulating iodine is ether excreted into the urine or taken up by the thyroid gland. d,e: the pathway of T3,T4 synthesis. f: secretion of T4 and T3 into the blood. g: some of T4 is converted to T3 and some excreted into the bile. h: tissues convert T4 to T3 and some of T3 is returned to the circulating in many tissues. 4. iodine deficiency IDD ?Adults: goiter（甲狀腺腫） ?Teenagers: influencing rowth, development of body and mental. ?Infants: dementia （癡呆） Supplement of iodide: iodized salt KI: 1:100000 KIO3:1:20220~50000 5. effects of excess iodine iodine goiter 6. DRIs ? Adults 150ug/d ? Pregnancy 175ug/d ? Wet nurse 200ug/d ? UL 850ug/d 7. Dietary source: sea foods kelp (海帶 ) 24mg/100g， sea slug（ 海參 ）， mussel(淡菜 )1mg/100g， laver(紫菜 )五、鋅（ Zinc） 1. zinc in the body (23g) found in all human tissues (10200ug/g) More in liver, spleen, heart, muscle, bone, eye, and skin blood(900ug/100ml) prostate(前列腺 ) prostatic secretions Spermatozoa（精液） 2. Functions and zinc deficiency (1) Essential constituent of over 100 enzymes, in each of the 6 major enzyme categories: oxidoreductase, transferase, hydrolase(水解 )， lyase（裂合） , isomerase（異構(gòu)） and ligase（連接） . (2) Influencing growth, development and sexual system. involving the synthesis of DNA, RNA protein (anorexia 厭食， failure to grow, testicular atrophy 睪丸萎縮 , skin lesions ) (3) Having normal appetite. (4) Promoting metabolism of Vit A. (5) Maintaining the reproduction of immune cells. (6) Involving in neoplastic（瘤的） processes. 2. Functions and zinc deficiency Zinc finger 3. Metabolism (shorten) 4. Deficiency and Toxicity 5. DRIs and dietary source 1) DRIs: ? 19 y: 10mg/d ? 10y: 15mg/d ? pregnant and wet nurse: 20mg/d 2) Dietary source: seafoods and meats. 六、硒（ Selenium） 1. Se in the body Body size (1420mg) In various amounts in all tissues of the body except fat the highest concentration is in liver, heart, kidney and spleen blood Se is 2. Function and Se deficiency 1). A constituent of glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), antioxidant and anticancer. 2). Detoxification: heavy metals, AFB1. 3). Anticarcinogenic effect : skin, liver, colon,breast,et al. 4). Enhancement of humoral, cellmediated and nonspecific immunity. 5). Maintain heart and cardiovascular structure and function Keshan. 6). Keeping normal growth: impairment of growth, sparse (稀少 ) hair, cataracts(白內(nèi)障 ), et al. 7). Reducing free radical reaction（自由基反應） and extending life span. Incidence of Cancer in Placebo and Se Treated Subjects 3. Toxicity: gastrointestional disturbances,bad teeth, yellow skin, cardiorenal disease, loss of hair and nails, nervous system disorders et al. 4. DRIs: 50ug/d source: animal food and sea food. Se content of food depends on the soil in which the food was grown. Section 6 Vitamins Preface 1. Common properties (1)Distributed in natural food stuffs but distinct from the main ponents of food (proteins,et al) (quantity, energy, ponent of body). (2)Eessential for body metabolism (coenzyme, or prosthetic group輔基 ) in minute quantities and absence of any one of which causes a corresponding specific deficiency disease. (3)Can not be synthesized in the body except VitD. 2. Classification: (1) the order of discovery:A,B,C,D…… (2) function: ascorbic acid (3) chemical construction: popular (local) name: riboflavin…… (4) solubility: watersoluble: Bs,C—excesses are excreted in the urine fatsoluble: A,D—large amount are toxic. 3. Deficiency of vitamins (1) Cause: ? deficient intakes ? problem of absorption ? increase in requirement (2) Deficiency: ? critical deficiency: disease ?