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重量體積比 Weightbulk ratio 0 0 物流成本占產(chǎn)品銷售價格的百分比 14 產(chǎn)品價值密度對物流成本的一般影響Effect of ValueWeight Ratio on Logistics Costs CR (2022) Prentice Hall, Inc. 總成本 運輸 +倉儲 Total costs (transport + storage) Storage costs Transportation costs 物流成本占銷售價值的百分比 價值重量比 Valueweight ratio 0 0 15 運輸服務(wù)和庫存水平對物流成本的影響 Effect of Transport Service and Inventory Level on Logistics Costs CR (2022) Prentice Hall, Inc. 總成本 Total costs (transport + lost sales + storage costs) Transport costs Lost sales Storage costs Logistics costs as a percent of sales price 改進運輸服務(wù) Improved transportation service 0 0 (a) 平均庫存水平 Average inventory level 0 0 Logistics costs as a percent of sales price 總成本 Total costs (transport + lost sales + storage costs) Lost sales Storage costs Transport costs (b) 16 產(chǎn)品風(fēng)險對物流成本的一般影響 Effect of Product Risk on Logistics Costs CR (2022) Prentice Hall, Inc. 增加產(chǎn)品風(fēng)險 Increasing degree of risk in the product 0 0 成本比例Logistics costs as a percent of sales price 總成本 Total costs (transport + storage) 運輸成本 Transport costs 倉儲成本 Storage costs 17 產(chǎn)品包裝的原因 Reasons for Product Packaging CR (2022) Prentice Hall, Inc. ?便于存儲和搬運 Facilitate storage and handling ?更好的利用運輸設(shè)備 Promote better utilization of transport equipment ?保護產(chǎn)品 Provide product protection ?產(chǎn)品促銷 Promote the sale of the product ?改變產(chǎn)品密度 Change the product density ?方便產(chǎn)品的使用 Facilitate product use ?為客戶提供再利用的價值 Provide reuse value for the customer 18 產(chǎn)品定價 Product Pricing CR (2022) Prentice Hall, Inc. ?地域性定價方法 Geographic pricing methods FOB定價法 . pricing 分區(qū)定價法 Zone pricing 單一或統(tǒng)一定價法 Single, or uniform, pricing 運費均等法 Freight equalization 基點定價法 Basing point pricing ?鼓勵性定價 Incentive pricing 數(shù)量折扣 Quantity discounts 協(xié)議價 ( Deal) 19 ? 運費預(yù)付指當(dāng)貨物提交給承運人時支付適當(dāng)?shù)倪\費,而運費到付指交貨時支付運費。 20 ? 裝運港 FOB定價,運費到付:賣方支付運費,并擁有運輸途中貨物所有權(quán)。這是最常見的裝運港 FOB定價條款。 ? 裝運港 FOB定價,運費預(yù)付:賣方支付運費,但是賣方擁有運輸途中貨物的所有權(quán)。 ? 裝運港 FOB定價,運費預(yù)付和扣回:賣方預(yù)先支付運費,但是要求賣方償還。買方擁有運輸途中貨物所有權(quán)。 21 ? 目的港 FOB定價,運費預(yù)付:賣方支付運費并擁有運輸途中貨物所有權(quán)。這是通常所指的目的港 FOB定價 ? 目的港 FOB定價,運費到付:當(dāng)貨物到達(dá)時,買方支付運費,買方擁有運輸途中貨物所有權(quán)。 ? 目的港 FOB定價,運費預(yù)付和扣回:賣方擁有運輸途中貨物所有權(quán),預(yù)付運費,并要求買方償還運費。 22 1. Terms of Sale: . Origin, Freight Collect Buyer Pays