【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ues, heavy metal, chemical toxins, toxic substances, trace elements, etc.（3）新源性食品（轉(zhuǎn)基因食品，促生長類添加物，保健食品，特殊營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)等）。Novel Foods: GMOs, growth promoters, healthcare products, special nutrients, etc. 食品安全管理的范圍（Scope of Food Safety Control）食品安全管理的范圍包括生產(chǎn)、加工、倉儲(chǔ)、運(yùn)輸、進(jìn)出口銷售等環(huán)節(jié)和內(nèi)容Scope—the whole supply chain including Production, Processing, Storage, Transportation, and Distribution（1）生產(chǎn) Production（2）加工 Processing（3）倉儲(chǔ) Storage（4）運(yùn)輸 Transportation（5）銷售或進(jìn)出口 Distribution or Import amp。 ExportⅢ.獸醫(yī)衛(wèi)生防疫體系 (Measures on Biosecurity of Veterinary)（一）農(nóng)業(yè)部對動(dòng)物疫病的衛(wèi)生控制1. Control of Animal Diseases by MOA農(nóng)業(yè)部門通過對國內(nèi)流通領(lǐng)域的動(dòng)物疫病的預(yù)防、動(dòng)物和動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品的檢疫、疫病的控制和撲滅、動(dòng)物防疫監(jiān)督以及運(yùn)輸控制等環(huán)節(jié)實(shí)現(xiàn)對動(dòng)物疾病的衛(wèi)生控制。對外來動(dòng)物疫病與應(yīng)報(bào)告的動(dòng)物疫病，嚴(yán)格按照OIE的規(guī)定要求，進(jìn)行控制。MOA and its related departments at local levels exert control over domestic animal diseases through measures on disease prevention, quarantine, control and eradication, supervision of animal disease prevention and transportation administration. All disease no matter it’s foreign or local, it should be reported and controlled in strict accordance with OIE regulations and requirements.（二）檢驗(yàn)檢疫部門對出口供宰動(dòng)物的衛(wèi)生控制Sanitary Control on Animals for slaughtering by Supervision and Quarantine Authorities 對飼養(yǎng)場的疫病控制與檢疫監(jiān)管Disease Control and Quarantine Supervision on Farms國家質(zhì)檢總局規(guī)定：所有出口禽肉加工企業(yè)必須建立“五統(tǒng)一（即統(tǒng)一屠宰，統(tǒng)一供雛，統(tǒng)一供料，統(tǒng)一供藥，統(tǒng)一防疫）”的管理體系，所屠宰的商品肉雞必須來自經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)檢疫機(jī)構(gòu)備案的商品雞場。AQSIQ requires that all processing plants producing poultry meat for export should establish ‘fiveunification’ management system, ., unification of chick supply, unification of feed supply, unification of drug supply, unification of vaccination, and unification of slaughtering。 that all chicken for slaughtering must be from farms that have been put on file by supervision and quarantine authorities.出口禽肉加工企業(yè)的獸醫(yī)人員與獸醫(yī)實(shí)驗(yàn)室接受當(dāng)?shù)孬F醫(yī)防疫機(jī)構(gòu)與檢驗(yàn)檢疫機(jī)構(gòu)的監(jiān)督檢查與管理。當(dāng)?shù)孬F醫(yī)防疫機(jī)構(gòu)與檢驗(yàn)檢疫機(jī)構(gòu)對出口禽肉企業(yè)肉禽的飼養(yǎng)、防疫、用藥、免疫與疫病控制以及屠宰進(jìn)行檢疫檢驗(yàn)與監(jiān)督管理。Plant veterinarians and laboratories are subject to the control of local veterinary authorities and CIQs, who also supervise and regulate feeding, diseaseprevention, drugapplication, immunization and disease control, and slaughtering in plants. 宰前與宰后檢疫 Ante and Postmortem Quarantine國家質(zhì)檢總局2002年10月頒布實(shí)施的《進(jìn)出境肉類檢驗(yàn)檢疫管理辦法》規(guī)定：各檢驗(yàn)檢疫機(jī)構(gòu)要做好屠宰家禽的宰前與宰后獸醫(yī)檢疫監(jiān)管。Regulation for Entryexit Meat Inspection and Quarantine, issued in October 2002 by AQSIQ, prescribes that CIQ at all levels should perform antemortem and postmortem quarantine supervision on poultries.動(dòng)物疫病監(jiān)測與檢測 Detection and Monitoring of Animal Diseases各檢驗(yàn)檢疫機(jī)構(gòu)對所有供屠宰家禽進(jìn)行禽流感和新城疫的檢疫和監(jiān)測。對所屠宰的家禽在出欄前35天采取喉腔與泄殖腔棉拭子樣品, 每個(gè)飼養(yǎng)群不少于30個(gè)樣品，按照熒光RTPCR方法或參照國際獸醫(yī)局(OIE)規(guī)定的方法,檢測禽流感和新城疫病毒，并進(jìn)行毒力鑒定。Competent quarantine and supervision authorities carry out antemortem detection and monitoring of AI and ND on poultries. To identify AI or ND virus or its toxicity, swabs should be taken from the or pharynx or cloacae of poultries 35 days prior to the date of slaughtering. No less than 30 samples should be taken from each flock. Fluorescent RTPCR method or other methods remended by OIE may be used for the identification.（三）動(dòng)物疾病通報(bào)機(jī)制 Animal Disease Alert Notification System中國一向?qū)?dòng)物疫病實(shí)行嚴(yán)格的監(jiān)測和控制。十屆全國人大一次會(huì)議批準(zhǔn)成立的新一屆政府以更加務(wù)實(shí)的精神將對動(dòng)物疫病采取更為嚴(yán)格的控制措施，對動(dòng)物疫病的通報(bào)將更迅速、準(zhǔn)確。按OIE的規(guī)定，一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)疫情將嚴(yán)格按下列程序上報(bào)：當(dāng)發(fā)生一類或疑似一類可報(bào)告疾病時(shí)，地方的畜牧獸醫(yī)部門或檢驗(yàn)檢疫部門應(yīng)在12小時(shí)內(nèi)盡快分別報(bào)農(nóng)業(yè)部與國家質(zhì)檢總局，并依法在全國迅速采取相應(yīng)措施。農(nóng)業(yè)部并將有關(guān)情況向聯(lián)合國FAO等有關(guān)組織報(bào)告。Stringent detection and control measures are always put in place in China to prevent against animal disease. The new Administration approved by the first session of the tenth National People’s Congress are treating the prevention of animal diseases in a more stringent and pragmatic way。 as a result, the Alert Notification System is being operated in a more accurate and efficient way. Having regard to the relevant regulations of OIE, once an animal disease is detected, the following reporting and notification procedures will be strictly followed:When list 1 disease, or a suspected disease is detected somewhere in China, the local animal production and health department or CIQ shall respectively report to the MOA or AQSIQ within 12 hours, and at the same time, corresponding measures should be promptly put in place based on relevant laws and regulations. MOA will report to FAO and other relevant international organization on what’s being detected according to relevant laws and regulations.Ⅳ. 殘留監(jiān)控體系(Drug Residue Monitoring System)（一）殘留監(jiān)控計(jì)劃的實(shí)施 Implementation of Residue Monitoring Program概述 General Situation1999年3月，中國農(nóng)業(yè)部和原國家檢驗(yàn)檢疫局參照歐盟96/22與96/23指令的要求，制定了“中華人民共和國動(dòng)物及動(dòng)物源食品中殘留物質(zhì)監(jiān)控計(jì)劃”。該計(jì)劃主要包括：有關(guān)法律、法規(guī)以及有關(guān)受監(jiān)控物質(zhì)的禁用或允許使用、銷售管理規(guī)定；監(jiān)控體系中主管部門和有關(guān)部門的組織結(jié)構(gòu)；實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測網(wǎng)絡(luò)；官方抽樣細(xì)則；計(jì)劃檢測的物質(zhì)，分析方法，計(jì)劃抽取的樣品數(shù)量；對陽性結(jié)果的處理措施。Taking into account the requirements of the EU directive 96/22 and 96/23, MOA and the former General Administration of Inspection and Quarantine of the People39。s Republic of China (now known as AQSIQ) developed ‘Chinese Residues Control Program on Live Animals and Foodstuffs of Animal Origin’ in March 1999, which mainly included: laws and regulations related to residue control。 petent authorities concerned and their organization structures。 lab inspection network。 detailed official sampling procedures。 list of substances to be tested and analysis methods to be used。 number of samples to be taken。 measures against nonpliant cases.殘留監(jiān)控對象 Products to be monitored1999年度殘留監(jiān)控抽樣計(jì)劃將肉雞、家兔、蜂蜜與魚列為監(jiān)控對象；2000年度抽樣計(jì)劃將牛、豬、馬、羊、小龍蝦和腸衣列為新增監(jiān)控對象，對水產(chǎn)品己烯雌酚的監(jiān)控檢測由魚改為鰻魚。2001年與2002年監(jiān)控對象沒有改變；2003年國家質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)檢疫總局考慮到對于蜂王漿和蜂蜜可以分別出口的實(shí)際情況，增加了對蜂王漿的監(jiān)控。Residues monitoring program in 1999 covered broilers, rabbits, honey and fish. Cattle, pigs, horse, sheep, crawfish and casings were added to the sampling plan of 2000, and the target of DES residue monitoring was specified from fish to eels. The list of animals remained unchanged from 2001 to the following year. In 2003 based on the actual condition that the royal jelly and honey are exported as two different modities, royal jelly was added by AQSIQ to be listed in monitoring program.