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Correct the errors in the following sentences 一, 考核知識(shí)點(diǎn):考查對(duì)連接詞(joining word)使用錯(cuò)誤的識(shí)別與修正。 ●試題: 11. Your sales are up, therefore, your bonus is forthing. ●答案: 11. Your sales are up; therefore, your bonus is forthing. ●解題關(guān)鍵: (1) 連接詞(joining word)可分為連詞(如:and, but, for, so, because, although, since等)和連接性副詞(如:therefore, consequently, accordingly, moreover, furthermore, otherwise, likewise, however, nevertheless等)。連詞和連接性副詞在用法上有很多相似之處,但也有不同點(diǎn)?! ?2) 連詞和連接性副詞在連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí),前后使用的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不同:連詞之前常用逗號(hào)(,),之后通常不用標(biāo)點(diǎn);而連接性副詞之前要求用分號(hào)(;)或句號(hào)(。),之后常用逗號(hào)(,)?! ?3) 該句最簡(jiǎn)便的修正方法是將連接性副詞therefore前的逗號(hào)(,)改為分號(hào)(;)。另外也可改為:Your sales are up. Therefore, your bonus is forthing. “評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”中規(guī)定:“與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案不一致,但句子結(jié)構(gòu)正確,表意準(zhǔn)確,也得滿分。否則,酌情給分或不得分?!薄 窨忌湫痛痤}錯(cuò)誤分析: (錯(cuò)誤)If your sales are up, your bonus will be forthing (分析)原句中的兩個(gè)分句之間是因果關(guān)系,而不是假設(shè)關(guān)系?! ?錯(cuò)誤)Your bonus is forthing, therefore, your sales are up. (分析)有些考生識(shí)別不出病句結(jié)構(gòu)上的錯(cuò)誤,就以為句義有誤,對(duì)兩個(gè)分句的因果關(guān)系作了調(diào)整。值得注意的是,寫作基礎(chǔ)試卷改寫病句一題中的病句通常錯(cuò)在結(jié)構(gòu)上,而不是語(yǔ)義上?! 《?, 考核知識(shí)點(diǎn):考查對(duì)破句(fragmentary sentence)的識(shí)別和修正。 ●試題: 12. People worked together on the assembly line. Moving quickly and efficiently. They wanted to make as much money as possible. ●答案: 12. People worked together on the assembly line, moving quickly and efficiently. They wanted to make s much money as possible. ●解題關(guān)鍵: (1) 了解破句(fragmentary sentence)的特點(diǎn):把句子的一部分當(dāng)成了一個(gè)句子。英語(yǔ)中一個(gè)完整的句子必須包含“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu),否則就是破句(fragmentary sentence)。 (2) 找出病句中結(jié)構(gòu)不完整的句子(即不包含主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子):Moving quickly and efficiently. (3) 由于用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)而引起的破句的修改方法為:將分詞結(jié)構(gòu)還原為謂語(yǔ)形式使其獨(dú)立成句,或者將分詞結(jié)構(gòu)與其前面或后面的句子融合在一起。本句最簡(jiǎn)便的修正方法是將moving前的句號(hào)(。)變成逗號(hào)(,),使moving quickly and efficiently融入前面的句子,成為表示伴隨狀況的分詞短語(yǔ)?! 窨忌湫痛痤}錯(cuò)誤分析: (錯(cuò)誤)People worked together on the assembly line, moving quickly and efficiently., they wanted to make s much money as possible. (分析)這是一個(gè)串句(runon sentence),誤將兩個(gè)獨(dú)立分句合寫在一個(gè)句子里面而沒(méi)有適當(dāng)?shù)胤蛛x標(biāo)識(shí)?! ?錯(cuò)誤)People worked together on the assembly line moving quickly and efficiently. They wanted to make s much money as possible. (分析)moving的邏輯主語(yǔ)是people,不是assembly line,因此moving前必須有逗號(hào)(,),否則分詞短語(yǔ)moving quickly and efficiently就變成了修飾名詞assembly line的定語(yǔ),而不再是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞worked的伴隨狀況?! ∪?, 考核知識(shí)點(diǎn):考查對(duì)垂懸修飾語(yǔ)(dangling modifier)的識(shí)別和修正?! 裨囶}: 13. Watching the parade, my wallet was stolen. ●答案: 13. While watching the parade, I had my wallet stolen. / While I was watching the parade, my wallet was stolen. ●解題關(guān)鍵: (1) 了解垂懸修飾語(yǔ)(dangling modifier)的特點(diǎn):修飾語(yǔ)在句中找不到邏輯上被修飾的對(duì)象。分詞結(jié)構(gòu)、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)和介詞短語(yǔ)做修飾語(yǔ)修飾句子時(shí),易發(fā)生垂懸修飾現(xiàn)象?! ?2) 修正時(shí),可調(diào)整句子的主語(yǔ),使之與上述結(jié)構(gòu)或短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)一致;也可將分詞結(jié)構(gòu)、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)或介詞短語(yǔ)帶上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ),將其擴(kuò)展成從句?! ?3) 原句中做修飾語(yǔ)的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)watching the parade的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)my wallet不一致,所以可將句子主語(yǔ)調(diào)整為I,或?qū)⒕渥又髡Z(yǔ)保持不變,使watching the parade帶上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)I. ●考生典型答題錯(cuò)誤分析: (錯(cuò)誤)While watching the parade, my wallet was stolen. (分析)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)watching the parade前加上連詞while或when,不能改變其垂懸修飾語(yǔ)(dangling modifier)的性質(zhì),因?yàn)槠溥壿嬛髡Z(yǔ)I未變,而與從句的主語(yǔ)my wallet仍然不一致。 (錯(cuò)誤)Watching the parade, I lost my wallet. (分析)修正病句不應(yīng)該改變?cè)涞囊馑?。錢包丟失的原因可能是被盜,但也可能是別的原因,例如由于粗心遺忘在某地等。另外,從這一修改中,可看出相當(dāng)一部分考生對(duì)have sth. done結(jié)構(gòu)不太熟悉?! ∷?, 考核知識(shí)點(diǎn):考查對(duì)錯(cuò)誤平行結(jié)構(gòu)(faulty parallelism)的識(shí)別和修正?! 裨囶}: 14. If a publisher rejects a novel, it is either be