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自考英語寫作基礎考核知識點分析與解題思路(編輯修改稿)

2025-05-01 01:31 本頁面
 

【文章內容簡介】   Correct the errors in the following sentences  一, 考核知識點:考查對連接詞(joining word)使用錯誤的識別與修正。  ●試題:  11. Your sales are up, therefore, your bonus is forthing.  ●答案:  11. Your sales are up; therefore, your bonus is forthing.  ●解題關鍵:  (1) 連接詞(joining word)可分為連詞(如:and, but, for, so, because, although, since等)和連接性副詞(如:therefore, consequently, accordingly, moreover, furthermore, otherwise, likewise, however, nevertheless等)。連詞和連接性副詞在用法上有很多相似之處,但也有不同點。  (2) 連詞和連接性副詞在連接兩個分句時,前后使用的標點符號不同:連詞之前常用逗號(,),之后通常不用標點;而連接性副詞之前要求用分號(;)或句號(。),之后常用逗號(,)?! ?3) 該句最簡便的修正方法是將連接性副詞therefore前的逗號(,)改為分號(;)。另外也可改為:Your sales are up. Therefore, your bonus is forthing. “評分標準”中規(guī)定:“與標準答案不一致,但句子結構正確,表意準確,也得滿分。否則,酌情給分或不得分。”  ●考生典型答題錯誤分析:  (錯誤)If your sales are up, your bonus will be forthing  (分析)原句中的兩個分句之間是因果關系,而不是假設關系?! ?錯誤)Your bonus is forthing, therefore, your sales are up.  (分析)有些考生識別不出病句結構上的錯誤,就以為句義有誤,對兩個分句的因果關系作了調整。值得注意的是,寫作基礎試卷改寫病句一題中的病句通常錯在結構上,而不是語義上?! 《?考核知識點:考查對破句(fragmentary sentence)的識別和修正?!  裨囶}:  12. People worked together on the assembly line. Moving quickly and efficiently. They wanted to make as much money as possible.  ●答案:  12. People worked together on the assembly line, moving quickly and efficiently. They wanted to make s much money as possible.  ●解題關鍵:  (1) 了解破句(fragmentary sentence)的特點:把句子的一部分當成了一個句子。英語中一個完整的句子必須包含“主語+謂語”結構,否則就是破句(fragmentary sentence)?! ?2) 找出病句中結構不完整的句子(即不包含主謂結構的句子):Moving quickly and efficiently.  (3) 由于用分詞結構而引起的破句的修改方法為:將分詞結構還原為謂語形式使其獨立成句,或者將分詞結構與其前面或后面的句子融合在一起。本句最簡便的修正方法是將moving前的句號(。)變成逗號(,),使moving quickly and efficiently融入前面的句子,成為表示伴隨狀況的分詞短語?!  窨忌湫痛痤}錯誤分析:  (錯誤)People worked together on the assembly line, moving quickly and efficiently., they wanted to make s much money as possible.  (分析)這是一個串句(runon sentence),誤將兩個獨立分句合寫在一個句子里面而沒有適當地分離標識。  (錯誤)People worked together on the assembly line moving quickly and efficiently. They wanted to make s much money as possible.  (分析)moving的邏輯主語是people,不是assembly line,因此moving前必須有逗號(,),否則分詞短語moving quickly and efficiently就變成了修飾名詞assembly line的定語,而不再是謂語動詞worked的伴隨狀況?! ∪?考核知識點:考查對垂懸修飾語(dangling modifier)的識別和修正。  ●試題:  13. Watching the parade, my wallet was stolen.  ●答案:  13. While watching the parade, I had my wallet stolen. / While I was watching the parade, my wallet was stolen.  ●解題關鍵:  (1) 了解垂懸修飾語(dangling modifier)的特點:修飾語在句中找不到邏輯上被修飾的對象。分詞結構、不定式結構和介詞短語做修飾語修飾句子時,易發(fā)生垂懸修飾現象?! ?2) 修正時,可調整句子的主語,使之與上述結構或短語的邏輯主語一致;也可將分詞結構、不定式結構或介詞短語帶上自己的邏輯主語,將其擴展成從句?! ?3) 原句中做修飾語的分詞結構watching the parade的邏輯主語與句子主語my wallet不一致,所以可將句子主語調整為I,或將句子主語保持不變,使watching the parade帶上自己的邏輯主語I.  ●考生典型答題錯誤分析:  (錯誤)While watching the parade, my wallet was stolen.  (分析)分詞結構watching the parade前加上連詞while或when,不能改變其垂懸修飾語(dangling modifier)的性質,因為其邏輯主語I未變,而與從句的主語my wallet仍然不一致。  (錯誤)Watching the parade, I lost my wallet.  (分析)修正病句不應該改變原句的意思。錢包丟失的原因可能是被盜,但也可能是別的原因,例如由于粗心遺忘在某地等。另外,從這一修改中,可看出相當一部分考生對have sth. done結構不太熟悉?! ∷?, 考核知識點:考查對錯誤平行結構(faulty parallelism)的識別和修正?!  裨囶}:  14. If a publisher rejects a novel, it is either be
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